Elizabeth Borneman

My name is Elizabeth Borneman and I am a freelance writer, reader, and coffee drinker. I live on a small island in Alaska, which gives me plenty of time to fish, hike, kayak, and be inspired by nature. I enjoy writing about the natural world and find lots of ways to flex my creative muscles on the beach, in the forest, or down at the local coffee shop.
Map showing the locations of the U.S. geographic center of area, mean center of population, and median center of population, 2010 (U.S. Census Bureau).

What is the Geographic Center of the United States?

Elizabeth Borneman

What's the geographic center of the contiguous United States? What's the center if Alaska and Hawaii were included?

Representation of the contemporary global carbon cycle. Changes are measured in gigatons or carbon per year (GtC/y). Numbers in parentheses refer to stored carbon pools. Red indicates carbon from human emissions. Humans contribute a net increase of 4 GtC/y to atmospheric carbon. Source: US Department of Energy, 2008.

Carbon Budget

Elizabeth Borneman

The global carbon budget is the amount of carbon gained and lost in the natural and manmade workings of the ...

Rangelands of the desert Southwest can be in a degraded condition and lacking perennial vegetation, which can lead to exposed soil and erosion.

Pedology

Elizabeth Borneman

Pedology is closely related to edaphology (the study of the influence of soil on living organisms) and consists of the ...

Shade relief globe showing the International Date Line.

Geography of the International Date Line

Elizabeth Borneman

The International Date Line is an imaginary line of longitude that divides two days and is placed at 180 degrees east or west of the Greenwich Meridian.

Laguna Grande is a 50-hectare salt-water lagoon located in the municipio of Fajardo, in the eastern-most tip of Puerto Rico. Photo: USGS.

Limnology

Elizabeth Borneman

Limnology is an area of geography that studies bodies of water located inland such as lakes, rivers, wetlands, streams, watersheds, and reservoirs.

Terminal moraine of a small glacier on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. Sometimes known as an end moraine, a terminal moraine is an accumulation of soil and rock that shows the farthest point of a glacier's advance. Credit: NASA / Michael Studinger

Moraines

Elizabeth Borneman

Moraines are the piles of dirt and rock that are displaced by a glacier as it moves across the landscape.

Early Efforts to Measure the Circumference of the Earth

Elizabeth Borneman

For centuries individuals have been creating ways to accurately measure various aspects of the Earth using the tools of their times.

Lost Palms Oasis, Joshua Tree National Park. Photo: Joshua Tree National Park, public domain.

Where Does an Oasis Get Its Water?

Elizabeth Borneman

Oases are interesting and vital parts of an ecosystem that can be found all around the world; along with being a unique geographical feature they provide water, shelter and shade for people passing through as well as plants and animals that live in the area of the oasis.

MODIS image from May 29, 2002 showing Finland and its many lakes in the middle of the satellite image. Source: NASA, public domain.

Why Does Finland Have So Many Lakes?

Elizabeth Borneman

Finland, with over 187,000 estimated lakes, is known as the "Land of a Thousand Lakes".

GAP ecological gap analysis map. Map: USGS.

Gap Analysis

Elizabeth Borneman

Gap analysis in ecology identifies areas where species lack protection, comparing actual habitats to areas conserved in order to guide conservation efforts.

Theory of Island Biogeography illustrated in a graph. Graph: Wikipedia.

Island Biogeography

Elizabeth Borneman

The biogeography of islands is a fascinating topic that extends to more than just island locations. The ‘island’ part of ...

Arriving in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. Photo: Arriving Pyongyang by Clay Gilliland, https://flic.kr/p/oWzGuu, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Tourism in North Korea

Elizabeth Borneman

More and more people are flocking to the tightly controlled state for a peek into one of the most mysterious nations on Earth.

Imago Mundi from Babylonia, 500 BCE.

The Oldest Known Map of the World

Elizabeth Borneman

The oldest known world map is the Babylonian Map of the World known as the Imago Mundi.

Geography Awareness Week

Elizabeth Borneman

Geography Awareness Week is a weeklong event geared towards getting people more involved in the geographical world around them. Geography ...

Graph of changes in population for France (red) and Japan (blue). Graph: Ryan Chew.

Why is the Population of Japan Almost Double That of France?

Elizabeth Borneman

Different countries around the world vary in cultures, populations and traditions, which helps make up the wonderfully diverse world we ...

Sunset Over Arctic Ocean

Geography of Daylight Saving Time

Elizabeth Borneman

Not all countries observe Daylight Saving Time, which entails moving the clocks forward an hour in the spring and backward an hour in the fall.

Alfred Watkins' map of two putative ley lines. Image: public domain, MediaWiki commons.

What are Ley Lines?

Elizabeth Borneman

The theory of geography that surrounds the existence of ley lines was created in 1921 by a man named Alfred Watkins.

Atlantic Ocean sunrise as seen from a Florida beach. Photo: Randolph Femmer, USGS. Public domain

Who Owns the Oceans?

Elizabeth Borneman

This article explores some of the international convention on jurisdiction over oceans.

Five Books about Maps for Young Children

Elizabeth Borneman

These five books help young children learn about maps and map-making.

Destroyed during World War II, the Ebstorf Map was the largest example of a complex Mappa Mundi.

Types of Medieval European Maps

Elizabeth Borneman

From the earliest civilizations onwards people have been drawing the world around them on stones, clay tablets, papyrus, and more. ...

The Geographer by Johannes Vermeer.

The Geographer by Johannes Vermeer: Geography in Fine Art

Elizabeth Borneman

The Geographer was painted by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer in 1669.

Swing base and copy board form Photo-mechanical processes : a practical guide to photo-zincography, photo-lithography, and collotype (1897)

Photozincography: Advances in Cartography

Elizabeth Borneman

Photozincography, or heliozincography, was a revolutionary way of copying photographic negatives onto zinc to be used for map making, outlines, engravings, and the reproduction of images.

Concentrations of marine debris known as the Ocean Garbage Patch in the North Pacific Ocean. Map: NOAA.

Ocean Garbage Patches

Elizabeth Borneman

Ocean garbage patches are concentrations of marine debris located in the North Pacific Ocean. These garbage patches are comprised of ...

Releasing homing pigeons near Priddy. © Copyright Rog Frost and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence. Face blurred for privacy.

Animal Navigation Through Magnetoception

Elizabeth Borneman

Magnetoception is the ability for certain animals to orient themselves based on the earth’s magnetic field.

A mental map of a neighborhood. Source: Caitlin Dempsey.

What are Mental Maps?

Elizabeth Borneman

Mental maps are a personalized view of the world's geography. Mental maps combine a person's objective knowledge of places with their subjective perceptions, or opinions, of locations.

Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona.

Impact Craters

Elizabeth Borneman

Impact craters are the result of an object hitting a larger surface at hypervelocity creating a circular depression in the ...