Geography Basics

Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical and human features, their spatial relationships, and the processes that shape them. It is a broad and interdisciplinary field that incorporates elements of natural science, social science, and the humanities.

Geographers seek to understand the complex interactions between the natural environment and human societies, and the ways in which these interactions vary across different regions and cultures.

This category contains articles about introductory concepts in geography. Find resources, books, lesson plans, and maps for teaching geography to all ages. A fun way to learn about geography is through the use of quizzes which are also listed in this category.

The movement of Earth's north magnetic pole across the Canadian Arctic. Red circles are observed magnetic pole positions, blue circles are modeled positions. Figure: Cavit, WikiMedia Commons, CC BY 4.0

Magnetic North is Constantly Shifting

Caitlin Dempsey

The magnetic poles shift each year due to changes in the Earth’s core in response to charge particles emitted by the sun hitting the earth’s magnetic field.

How to Find a Top Geography Degree Program

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about the different rankings for geography undergraduate and graduate degree programs and where to find resources to help you pick the best geography program.

Pangaea

Caitlin Dempsey

For hundreds of millions of years, all the land of Earth was joined together in one large mass or super ...

A compass rose showing just the cardinal points of north, south, east, and west.

Cardinal Directions and Ordinal Directions

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about cardinal, ordinal, and secondary intercardinal directions.

Official Olympic Rings

Geography of the Olympic Rings

Caitlin Dempsey

The interlocked Olympic rings were meant to symbolize the Olympics' universality and to promote international harmony.