Physical Geography

Physical geography focuses on geography as an Earth science (and is sometimes called Earth System Science).

Physical geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the natural features and processes of the Earth’s surface. It includes the examination of landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water resources. Physical geographers use a range of scientific methods and tools to analyze and understand the complex interactions between the Earth’s physical systems.

Learn about the different branches of geography that fall under the physical geography category: climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, and more.

Bothriocyrtum californicum (California Trapdoor Spider). Photo: Davefoc, MediaWiki Commons, CC BY 3.0

Biogeography of the Californian Trapdoor Spider

Caitlin Dempsey

Californian trapdoor spiders are found in a wide range of habitats and climates, ranging from hot, dry cresote bush scrub to cool montane red fir forests, and wet coast redwood forests.

A wildlife underpass at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge in south Texas. Photo: Mitch Sternberg/USFWS, public domain.

How Space and Time Affect Conservation Biology

Caitlin Dempsey

Time and space are two extremely important concepts that are central to formulating theories and models in biotic conservation.