Climatology

Radar image showing the North American Monsoon over the interior Southwest.

North American Monsoon

Julian Marks

The North American Monsoon is a pattern of increased rainfall that occurs across much of the southwestern USA and northern Mexico, often commencing in July and ending in September. 

Map showing the predicted trajectory of post-tropical storm Ana. Source: NOAA

Storms of the 2021 Hurricane Season

Caitlin Dempsey

While the official 2021 hurricane season officially lasts from June 1 to November 30, 2021, the first storm of the season has already happened.

Satellite view of cumulonimbus cloud over Africa. These dramatic cloud formations are caused by rising air currents containing water vapor and varying layers of differing-temperature air in the upper atmosphere. Image: NASA

Coldest Temperature of Clouds Recorded by a Satellite

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers measured the coldest temperature ever recorded by a satellite of a cloud.

Photo showing golf ball and baseball sized hail.

Geography of Hailstorms in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

While hail can form anywhere in the United States experiencing a thunderstorm, geography influences where hailstorms are more likely to occur.

Fujiwhara effect in 2017 showing Hurricanes Irwin and Hillary colliding in the Pacific Ocean.

Fujiwhara Effect: When One Storm Absorbs Another

Caitlin Dempsey

When two storms move towards another, an uncommon phenomenon called the Fujiwhara Effect can happen.

Map of drought conditions in the United States on March 23, 2021.

Half of the United States Will Continue to be Affected by Drought for Spring 2021

Caitlin Dempsey

Drought conditions in much of the United States are forecasted to continue for spring 2021.

Fans watching a game at AT&T Park. Photo: Gryffyd Dempsey.

How San Francisco’s Geography and Microclimate Affect Baseball

Marques Hayes

San Francisco's geography shaped the microclimates that affected baseball at Candlestick Park.

Goes-16 Pseudo-natural Color Image of Hurricane Michael at 1730 UTC 10 October 2018. Image: NOAA/NESDIS

2020 Hurricane Season

Caitlin Dempsey

Each year, the World Meteorological Organization creates a list of official names for major storms in the both Northern Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Map of temperatures across the United States and Canada on February 15, 2021. Source: NASA.

The Polar Vortex is Causing Extreme Cold in Parts of the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

A disruption of the polar vortex has allowed extremely cold air to descend to over parts of North America as far south as Texas.

Aqua satellite image of northwestern Honshu Island covered in snow on February 26, 2018. Image; NASA.

Japan’s Snow Country

Marques Hayes

Snow Country is the name of a region in northwestern Japan.

Landsat 8 satellite image of Mount Fiji on January 1, 2021. Source: NASA.

Mount Fuji’s Snow is at a 20-Year Low

Caitlin Dempsey

Satellite data that has tracked snow cover on Mount Fuji shows that the 2020 snow levels are the lowest since 2000.

NOAA/NASA's Suomi NPP captured this image of a rare tropical-like storm system in the Mediterranean Sea intensifying off of Italy's southern coast on November 18, 2017. The image shows a well-defined eyewall as the storm entered the Ionian Sea between Italy and Greece. Image: NOAA, public domain.

What is a Medicane?

Caitlin Dempsey

Medicane is a tropical-like cyclone that forms in the Mediterranean Sea.

ECOSTRESS temperature map shows the land surface temperatures throughout Los Angeles County on Aug. 14, 2020. Map: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Mapping California’s Heatwave from Space

Caitlin Dempsey

NASA's Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment (ECOSTRESS) has been mapping temperatures across parts of California from space.

Taken at about 30,000 feet (9 kilometers) over eastern Washington, the smoke plume (gray) feeds the pyrocumulonimbus cloud (white). Photo: David Peterson (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory), public domain, August 8, 2019.

Smoke from Australian Wildfires Reaches Atmospheric Highs

Elizabeth Borneman

Smoke from the 2019 wildfires not only impacted Australian population centers but drifted far into the atmosphere as well.

Satellite imagery from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) showing the location of Amphan.

Amphan is the Strongest Super Cyclone Ever Recorded in the Bay of Bengal

Caitlin Dempsey

Amphan is a powerful cyclone that has formed in the Bay on Bengal.

Arthur is the First Named Storm of the 2020 Hurricane Season

Caitlin Dempsey

Arthur is the first named storm of the 2020 hurricane season which officially begins on June 1, 2020.

Atmospheric Ozone Hole Over Arctic Region

Elizabeth Borneman

A combination of atmospheric factors have led to the creation of the lowest levels of ozone in a decade over the Arctic.

View of Hurricane Florence taken from the International Space Station, 2018. Source: NASA

2020 Hurricane Season is Likely to be More Active Than Usual

Caitlin Dempsey

A newly released hurricane outlook from the Weather Channel expects the upcoming 2020 hurricane season to be more active than normal.

the jet stream shifted from about 49° S to 51° S between 1980 and 2000 — the years when the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica was becoming depleted. The trend alters after 2000, when the ozone layer began to recover as a result of the Montreal Protocol, which banned ozone-depleting substances. Image: Banerjee et al., 2020.

As the Ozone Layer Recovers it is Changing Wind Patterns

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers from the University of Montreal used satellite data and climate modeling to understand how the recovery of the ozone layer has affected the Earth's atmosphere.

Satellites Give Detailed Insights into Climate Sciences

Elizabeth Borneman

The European Space Agency has recently released a report entitled ‘10 New Insights in Climate Science’.

Windblown Snow. Image: NASA/Michael Studinger, public domain

What is a Snow Devil?

Caitlin Dempsey

Miniature vortexes of wind can stir up snow in a formation known as a snow devil.

The Atacama Desert, which normally receives only 1 to 3 millimeters of rain a year, had a rare snowfall in 2011. Image: NASA, public domain.

Driest Non-polar Desert in the World

Caitlin Dempsey

Situated in northern Chile, the Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth.

Looking at Centuries of California’s Climate to Understand Fire Risk

Elizabeth Borneman

Researchers examined moisture patterns and atmospheric wind conditions in California using climate models and centuries of paleoclimate data (from 1571 to 2013).

Earliest Published Research Linking Carbon Dioxide with Global Warming

Caitlin Dempsey

163 years ago, Eunice Newton Foote was the first scientist to research the link between increased carbon dioxide and a warmer atmosphere.

View of Tapajós National Forest.

Deforestation Is Drying Up Atmospheric Rivers

Katarina Samurović

Deforestation has a dramatic impact on climate, reducing evapotranspiration which feed atmospheric rivers.

Virga. Photo: White Sands National Monument, NPS.

What is Negative Rainfall?

Katarina Samurović

Negative rain(fall) occurs when a particular area experiences more atmospheric evaporation than water downpour over a period of time.