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Tracing Medieval Rewilding Through Italy’s Ancient Oaks

A study of ancient oak trees reveals how changes in human land use allowed forests to expand across parts of Italy during the medieval period.

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An underwater view of staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) on the sandy floor of the ocean.

Florida’s Primary Reef-Building Corals are ‘Functionally Extinct’

A 2023 heatwave killed nearly all of Floridaโ€™s main reef-building corals, leaving the reef functionally extinct.

Global sea level over the past 540 million years, showing the combined effects of tectonic activity (green), long-term ice changes (red), and both together (dark blue). The light blue shading shows the estimated range of short-term sea level fluctuations caused by changes in Earthโ€™s orbit.

Mapping Short-term Sea Level Changes Over 540 Million Years

Researchers mapped 540 million years of sea level change, showing major short-term shifts during ice ages driven by Earth’s orbital cycles.

A running stream in a forest.

Water Can Take Years to Seep out of Mountains

Groundwater stored over many years is a significant contributor to streamflow in Western United States mountains according to a published study.

A photo of a wave spray against a cliff by the ocean.

Study Models How the Behavior of Waves Affects Blue Carbon Storage

Bubbles created by the movement of waves can influence how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean.

Regional map of the terrestrial ecosystems of the contiguous United States. Source: NatureServe, 2025.

High Resolution Ecosystem Map of the Contiguous United States and Adjacent Areas

NatureServe has developed an updated 30-meter hexagon map of regional ecosystems in the contiguous United States and adjacent areas.

Human Geography

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The Earth can be divided into two main systems: the geosphere and the biosphere. Image: USGS, public domain.

What are the Earth System’s Four Spheres?

The systems of the earth can be divided into two main areas: geosphere and biosphere.

Tourists with cameras photography a grizzly bear crossing the road.

The Recreational Value of Nature and Wildlife

Measuring the economic benefits of wildlife and outdoor areas supports conservation with tools like the NPS Visitor Spending Effects.