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Geography Facts about the World’s Continents

How many continents are there? Explore the four to seven continent models and compare the world’s continents by size, population, and geography.

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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

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Western gray squirrel peeking around a moss-covered oak tree branch.

Why Do Squirrels Lie Flat?

Splooting helps squirrels lie flat to regulate body temperature, avoid predators, sunbathe, and rest. Explore the science behind this behavior.

A bald eagle sitting looking to the right and down in a leafless tree on a cloudy day.

Greatest Concentration of Breeding Bald Eagles in the Contiguous United States

The San Juan Islands support one of the highest densities of breeding bald eagles in the contiguous United States. Here’s why.

Three maps of the tropical Pacific showing sea surface height anomalies on January 15, January 30, and February 15, 2005. Areas of elevated sea level, shown in brown and red, move eastward along the equator over time, illustrating the progression of a Kelvin wave across the Pacific Ocean.

How Remote Sensing Helps NOAA Monitor El Niño

Learn how satellites measure ocean temperatures, sea surface height, and other indicators used to monitor El Niño.

Map of Italy showing the locations of ancient oak populations on Montecristo Island and Aspromonte Mountain, with photos of representative trees from each site.

Tracing Medieval Rewilding Through Italy’s Ancient Oaks

A study of ancient oak trees reveals how changes in human land use allowed forests to expand across parts of Italy during the medieval period.

Midpen Open Space and the Harm of Repeat Disturbance

At Bear Creek Redwoods Open Space Preserve, repeated nesting season projects by Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District are altering habitat used by migratory birds.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

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A collage of satellite images showing various agricultural patterns.

Types of Agricultural Patterns Visible from Space

Agricultural landscapes, when viewed from space, reveal distinct patterns shaped by historical practices, local geography, and technological influences.

The Earth can be divided into two main systems: the geosphere and the biosphere. Image: USGS, public domain.

What are the Earth System’s Four Spheres?

The systems of the earth can be divided into two main areas: geosphere and biosphere.