Climatology

Map showing the NDVI anomaly in 2024 compared to average levels from 1991 to 2020). After a couple of years of above average precipitation in Southern California, vegetations levels in the summer of 2024 were 30% greener than average. Map: NASA, public domain.

Hydroclimate Whiplash: the Impact on California Wildfires

Caitlin Dempsey

Hydroclimate whiplash - the rapid swing between drought and heavy precipitation - plays a role in the increasing intensity of California wildfires.

Lenticular clouds over a mountain range.

Lenticular Clouds

Caitlin Dempsey

Lenticular clouds are lens-shaped formations that form over mountains when moist air cools and condenses, creating smooth, often UFO-like cloud patterns.

Gravity wave clouds over a forest on a bright sunny day.

How Undular Bores Show Up in the Clouds

Caitlin Dempsey

Undular bores create distinctive wave-like cloud patterns, such as morning glory clouds, by pushing warm air upward.

A map of the southwest region of the US showing in deep red extreme heat across the area.

Mapping Heatwaves from Space: How Extreme Temperatures Are Modeled

Caitlin Dempsey

The Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model can help researchers predict and map heatwaves around the world.

A weather model with a yellow to greens color gradient showing wind speed.

Weather Forecasting Using Artificial Intelligence

Mark Altaweel

GraphCast is a Google DeepMind effort that uses deep learning to improve medium-range weather forecasting.

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