Geography Basics

Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical and human features, their spatial relationships, and the processes that shape them. It is a broad and interdisciplinary field that incorporates elements of natural science, social science, and the humanities.

Geographers seek to understand the complex interactions between the natural environment and human societies, and the ways in which these interactions vary across different regions and cultures.

This category contains articles about introductory concepts in geography. Find resources, books, lesson plans, and maps for teaching geography to all ages. A fun way to learn about geography is through the use of quizzes which are also listed in this category.

Teaching Basic Map Skills To Young Children

Caitlin Dempsey

These books and online resources help teach young children spatial skills and map making.

Tobler’s First Law of Geography

Caitlin Dempsey

The first law of geography was developed by Waldo Tobler in 1970 and it makes the observation that 'everything is usually related to all else but those which are near to each other are more related when compared to those that are further away’.  

Why Leaders Should Learn Geography

Anne-Laure Fréant

Anne-Laure Fréant talks about the importance of geographic knowledge in today's society.

1914 isochronic map showing travel times around the world by John G. Bartholomew, "An Atlas of Economic Geography".

Three Simple Ways to Realize You Do Know about Geography

Anne-Laure Fréant

Geography moves beyond simply knowing the capitals of countries. Anne-Laure Fréant discusses three ways people are more aware of geography than they realize.

The movement of Earth's north magnetic pole across the Canadian Arctic. Red circles are observed magnetic pole positions, blue circles are modeled positions. Figure: Cavit, WikiMedia Commons, CC BY 4.0

Magnetic North is Constantly Shifting

Caitlin Dempsey

The magnetic poles shift each year due to changes in the Earth’s core in response to charge particles emitted by the sun hitting the earth’s magnetic field.

How to Find a Top Geography Degree Program

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about the different rankings for geography undergraduate and graduate degree programs and where to find resources to help you pick the best geography program.

Pangaea

Caitlin Dempsey

For hundreds of millions of years, all the land of Earth was joined together in one large mass or super ...

A compass rose showing just the cardinal points of north, south, east, and west.

Cardinal Directions and Ordinal Directions

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about cardinal, ordinal, and secondary intercardinal directions.

Official Olympic Rings

Geography of the Olympic Rings

Caitlin Dempsey

The interlocked Olympic rings were meant to symbolize the Olympics' universality and to promote international harmony.

Angel of the North. © Copyright Bill Henderson and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Mount Everest is the Biggest Mountain in England?

Caitlin Dempsey

If you're one of six out of ten adults in the United Kingdom, apparently you believe that either Mount Everest, Snowdon, or Ben Nevis is the answer to "What's the Biggest Mountain in England?"

Geography Careers

Rachel Quist

“Well, I guess you can always teach.”  If this is the response you get from friends and family when you ...

Six Famous Geographers

Caitlin Dempsey

A look at six of the world's most famous geographers: Eratosthenes, Al Idrisi, Alexander von Humboldt, Immanuel Kant, Carl Ritter, and Arnaldo Faustini.

Why Geography?

Geo Contributor

The citizens of many of the world’s countries still don’t realize that ignorance of geography can affect their political stability, ...

Collage of different pictures of the Earth with the Blue Marble in the center.

National Geography Standards

Caitlin Dempsey

A set of eighteen learning standards has been created for the science of geography which are called the National Geography Standards.

Five Themes of Geography Explained

Caitlin Dempsey

The Five Themes of Geography started out as a framework for making geography accessible to kids from kindergarten to high ...