Geography Basics

Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical and human features, their spatial relationships, and the processes that shape them. It is a broad and interdisciplinary field that incorporates elements of natural science, social science, and the humanities.

Geographers seek to understand the complex interactions between the natural environment and human societies, and the ways in which these interactions vary across different regions and cultures.

This category contains articles about introductory concepts in geography. Find resources, books, lesson plans, and maps for teaching geography to all ages. A fun way to learn about geography is through the use of quizzes which are also listed in this category.

Waipā Garden in Kauai, Hawaii Now Holds the 24-Hour Precipitation Record for the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

A rainfall gauge located at the Waipā Foundation in Kauai, Hawaii set the record for the most rainfall in a 24-hour period in the United States.

Before There Were Drones: Using Pigeons for Aerial Photography

Caitlin Dempsey

Back before drones became a cheap and easy way to acquire aerial imagery, a German inventor proposed using pigeons to capture photographs of the earth from above.

Antarctica is Losing Ice Six Times Faster Than 40 Years Ago

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers analyzed ice mass between 1979 and 2017 in Antarctica and found a sixfold increase in yearly ice mass loss.  

Quickly Make a Map Poster From Any Urban Location on Earth

Caitlin Dempsey

Figuregrounder by Hans Hack is a fun tool that lets you create a simple map poster in seconds.

2018 Gift Giving Ideas for Geographers and Cartographers

Caitlin Dempsey

If you're looking for a unique or thoughtful gift for the geo-enthusiast, check out this guide for interesting geography and cartography related gifts for a wide range of budgets.

Geography of Fortune 1000 Companies in 2018

Caitlin Dempsey

Geography of the Fortune 1000 for 2018: learn about which states and cities have the highest number of Fortune 1000 companies.

Map and List of Fortune 1000 Companies for 2017

Caitlin Dempsey

List of Fortune 1000 companies for 2017. This page also includes an interactive map showing the mapped location of each Fortune 1000 company in 2017.

Japanese Islet Disappears

Olivia Harne

A Japanese islet named Esanbe Hanakita Kojim made news after seemingly vanishing.

The North American Climate Boundary is Shifting East

Katarina Samurović

The North American 100th meridian west climatic boundary is shifting, bringing dry climate patterns further east.

Using Virtual Reality to Promote Information Literacy among Students

Caitlin Dempsey

Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as an effective technology that librarians can use to help develop geographic information literacy among students of all ages.

GeoQuiz: Guess the Country

Elizabeth Borneman

Take the following geography quiz to see if you can guess the country using just its outline.

Color to Your Heart’s Delight With These Historical Map Coloring Pages

Caitlin Dempsey

Relax and reduce your stress by printing out and coloring in these maps.

A Review of Timesheet.js

Caitlin Dempsey

Timesheet.js is a basic tool calls a JavaScript file and uses a code-based configuration to create a simple timeline that can be embedded into a HTML file.

Geography Mnemonic to Learn the Countries of Central America

Caitlin Dempsey

Use a mnemonic to remember the countries of Central America in order from north to south: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

How to Teach Children the Cardinal Directions

Caitlin Dempsey

Here is a simple and effective tip for teaching children cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west).

Geo Quiz: Name the Human Activity Visible from Space

Caitlin Dempsey

This geography quiz features ten satellite images each showing an anthropogenic activity. Can you figure out what the human activity shown on each image is?

Geo Quiz: Which Country is Bigger?

Caitlin Dempsey

This quiz challenges you to figure out which country is bigger based on a world map using the Mercator map projection.

Map showing the Mendocino Triple Junction.

What are the Three Plates that Make up the Mendocino Triple Junction?

Caitlin Dempsey

The Mendocino Triple Junction is located in the Pacific Ocean near Cape Mendocino in northern California.

Test Your Topsy Turvy Geography Smarts with this Map Skills Game

Caitlin Dempsey

‘Up Side Down’, tests your map acumen by either zooming in to a tilted location that you have to identify or placed disparate features together and quizzes you on which one is the answer to the question.

7 Geography Books to Add to Your Bookshelf

Liam Oakwood

Listed here are seven intriguing books about geography that are a great addition to any geographer's collection.

Map showing how traveling due north, south, east, or west from Stamford, Connecticut results in travel that passes through the state of New York with a large red question mark over the map to obscure the name.

From Which U.S. City Can You Travel North, South, East, or West and End up in the Same State?

Caitlin Dempsey

Can you answer this geography riddle? From which United States city can you travel due north, south, east, or west and still enter the same bordering state?

Landsat imagery captured July 2, 2016 shows qanats crossing the desert in southeastern Morocco. Source: NASA.

What are Qanats?

Caitlin Dempsey

Qanat are underground water channels developed during ancient times to carry water using gravity via a gentle downward slope.

United States of Syllables

Caitlin Dempsey

A syllable is a unit of blended sounds considered to be the phonological building blocks of words. Listed here are the number of states by syllable.

Interpreting Our World: Viewing the Importance of Geography Through the Lens of 100 Historical Events

Elizabeth Borneman

The book Interpreting Our World is a new geography text analyzing 100 events in history that dramatically altered how people ...

Sunday Maptinee: Teaching Geography Through Humor

Elizabeth Borneman

The Map Men have created a series of geography themed episodes highlighting some pretty cool information about the world around us.

Which Continent Lies in All Four Hemispheres?

Caitlin Dempsey

While several of the world's continents are traversed by the separation between two hemispheres, there is only one continent in the world that lies in all four hemispheres: Africa.