Geography Basics

Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical and human features, their spatial relationships, and the processes that shape them. It is a broad and interdisciplinary field that incorporates elements of natural science, social science, and the humanities.

Geographers seek to understand the complex interactions between the natural environment and human societies, and the ways in which these interactions vary across different regions and cultures.

This category contains articles about introductory concepts in geography. Find resources, books, lesson plans, and maps for teaching geography to all ages. A fun way to learn about geography is through the use of quizzes which are also listed in this category.

Sunday Maptinee: Build a Cork Map

Elizabeth Borneman

For a fun map making idea, try a cork world map. This video from Parson Woodworking shows how making to make a map of the world using cork.

How to Remember the Difference Between Latitude and Longitude

Caitlin Dempsey

Here's a simple way to remember the difference between latitude and longitude and which comes first when you encounter a set of coordinates.

The surface of Mars: (left) as seen through the Hubble Space Telescope, and (right) as mapped by Percival Lowell in 1905 and showing the locations of ‘canals’. Images: NASA Photojournal image PIA03154 © NASA/Hubble Heritage Team and Lowell, 1908.

Liquid Water on Mars

A.J. Rohn

An article in the Summer 2015 issue of Geography addresses how water and historical climate change have transformed the landscape ­of Mars.

For the dapper geographer in your life, try this map bow tie from Etsy.

How to Find a Unique Gift for a Geographer

Caitlin Dempsey

If you are looking for a unique gift idea for a geographer in your life beyond yet another atlas, globe, or wall map, find some ideas here for unique geographically themed gifts.

Geography of Foucault Pendulums

Elizabeth Borneman

French philosopher Leon Foucault developed a pendulum to prove that the Earth rotates on its axis. The swing of the pendulum varies depending on its location on Earth.

A view of green and red lights in the sky over the Earth.

Spooky Sky Created by a Coronal Mass Ejection

Caitlin Dempsey

An eerie night sky in Norway as the result of a coronal mass ejection (CME).

Geographical definitions by the Bancroft Company, circa 1870.

Geography Terms Visualized

Caitlin Dempsey

This chart by the Bancroft Company from around 1870 defines a range of geographical terms.

What is Contemporary Geography?

Joe Akintola

The study of Geography has always been evolving and at critical times there have always been question such as “why ...

Geography Jokes

Caitlin Dempsey

Funny geography related jokes.

Project based learning using the Iditarod sled dog race in Alaska.

Using Google Earth to Teach Math

Rebecca Maxwell

Real World Math uses geography lessons to teach math.

The World’s Largest Mass Migration

Caitlin Dempsey

Surrounding the Chinese New Year is a forty-day travel period known as "Chunyun," meaning “Spring Festival Transport”. Each year, Chinese officials calculate that well over 3 billion passenger trips occur during this period and overwhelms the Chinese transportation system.

The Cultural Geography of Carnival Celebrations around the World

Devon Reeser

Discover how local pagan and indigenous traditions blend into unique Carnival celebrations in Brazil, New Orleans, Quebec, Italy, and Russia.

Eight Ways Your Geographic Skills Enhance Your Resume

Devon Reeser

Geographers or anyone with a history of geography education or practice have special skills that can enhance their resumes across nearly all career options. From GIS skills to graphic design to multiculturalism, here are eight ways to market your geography experience as viable job skills.

Relative Direction Versus Compass Direction

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about the difference between relative directions and compass directions.

Geography Awareness Week

Elizabeth Borneman

Geography Awareness Week is a weeklong event geared towards getting people more involved in the geographical world around them. Geography ...

Sunset Over Arctic Ocean

Geography of Daylight Saving Time

Elizabeth Borneman

Not all countries observe Daylight Saving Time, which entails moving the clocks forward an hour in the spring and backward an hour in the fall.

Hong Kong from LANDCARPET.

LANDCARPET: Turning Satellite Imagery into Carpets

Caitlin Dempsey

This Austrian architect who now lives in Beijing, China has turned his love of the view from above into carpeting made from 100% New Zealand wool.

Five Books about Maps for Young Children

Elizabeth Borneman

These five books help young children learn about maps and map-making.

Tracking the Evolution of the Field of Geography over 124 Years and 10,290 Dissertations

Caitlin Dempsey

Kent State University professors David Kaplan and Jennifer Mapes have undertaken a study to understand how academic research in the field of geography has evolved in the United States.

How Much do Geographers Make?

Caitlin Dempsey

Geographers find work in a variety of disciplines both in the physical and human geography related fields.  Geographers are employed ...

Fortune 1000 and Fortune 500 Companies by State for 2014

Caitlin Dempsey

This table shows the total number of Fortune 1000 and Fortune 500 companies by U.S. state and territory (Puerto Rico). The list can be sorted by state, number of Fortune 1000 companies, and number of Fortune 500 companies.

Elements of a map

What is a Map?

Elizabeth Borneman

A map is something we’ve all likely held in our hands, scratched our heads over or marked with pushpins to ...

History of Geography as a Timeline

Caitlin Dempsey

Listed here are significant events that happened in the field of Geography.

Topographical Tables – Geography as Art

Caitlin Dempsey

These furniture designs combine glass, wood, and other materials to emulate the land and water. Ocean Table Christopher Duff of ...

How the Earth’s Magnetic Field is Changing

Caitlin Dempsey

The ESA recently released the results of data collection from Swarm from the past six months that analyzed changes in the Earth's magnetic field.

Kristina at Paradise Bay, Antarctica. Photo: Kristina Jacob. Used with permission.

Meet a Geographer: Kristina Jacob

Caitlin Dempsey

Kristina Jacob, a GIS professional, shares her thought about what drew her to both geography and photography.