Maps and Cartography

Maps and cartography are essential tools in geography that enable us to visualize and understand the Earth’s surface and its features.

Cartography is the art and science of creating maps, which involves the use of sophisticated technology and techniques to accurately represent the Earth’s physical and cultural features.

Maps provide a visual representation of the world, allowing us to identify patterns, explore spatial relationships, and navigate through unfamiliar terrain.

Figure 10: Illustration of Urban Heat Line on LST in ArcGIS Pro.

How to Use ArcGIS Pro to Map Urban Heat Islands

Jeff Oppong

This ArcGIS Pro tutorial demonstrates how to assess urban heat in a region.

A USGS elevation benchmark in Bryce Canyon National Park. Photo: Alex Demas, USGS, public domain.

Survey Markers and Benchmarks

Mark Altaweel

Benchmarks are a type of survey markers whose elevations have been surveyed as accurately as possible based on the technology at the time.

A map of the world with the ocean in blue and the land masses shaded to replicated vegetation for the area. The world is covered in white graticule lines.

Robinson Map Projection

Caitlin Dempsey

The Robinson map projection is a compromise project that minimizes distortion across the map.

Earth observation data cube and its dimensional axes. Figure: Kopp, S., Becker, P., Doshi, A., Wright, D. J., Zhang, K., & Xu, H. (2019). Achieving the full vision of earth observation data cubes. Data, 4(3), 94. CC BY 4.0.

Datacubes in GIS

Mark Altaweel

Increasingly, Earth observation (EO) data are stored as datacubes, helping to assist the analytical process.

The image of India on the right is an example of misappropriation of satellite imagery. The image was created from the satellite imagery on the left which shows night lights in India taken in 2003. NOAA manipulated the image to be an RGB Composite of Nighttime Lights Change with red representing 2003 and green representing 1992. The image has since made the rounds periodically on social media purporting to be an image of India on Diwali night.

Deepfake Satellite Imagery

Mark Altaweel

Deepfake satellite imagery is imagery that has been synthetically to alter or change the appearance of an image, often replacing one scene for another.

COVID-19 Dashboard Layout. Source: Andres Abeyta

3 Tips to Maximize the Value of Your GIS Internship

Geo Contributor

Andres Abeyta, the Executive Director of Bootcamp GIS, discusses three ways to get the most of your GIS internship.

A section of Rwanda showing previously unmapped (yellow dots) schools. Source: Development Seed.

Mapping Schools with Artificial Intelligence

Mark Altaweel

Researchers are using AI to map schools in countries where many schools are undocumented so as to connect children with schools.

A look at the detail on the 1801 Kent Map from the Ordnance Survey.

What Was the First Map Issued by the Ordnance Survey?

Caitlin Dempsey

The first Ordnance Survey map was issued in 1801.

Maps of Oregon landslide susceptibility as presented by Carson MacPherson-Krutsky.

How Maps Affect Perception

Mark Altaweel

Maps are both a great tool for telling us an important message but they can also be a key part of false narratives or misleading information.

Map with the optimized vaccination routes. Map: SCW CSU.

Using GIS to Create a Vaccination Route Modeling Tool

Geo Contributor

NHS South, Central and West CSU has developed the new bespoke Covid-19 vaccination route modeling tool using Esri's GIS.

An early 20th-century NAACP map showing lynchings between 1909 and 1918. The maps were sent to politicians and newspapers in an effort to spur legislation protecting Black Americans. Library of Congress

How Black Cartographers Highlighted Injustice

Geo Contributor

The work of the Black Panther Party, a 1960s- and 1970s-era Black political group featured in a new movie and a documentary, helps illustrate how cartography can illuminate injustice.

A view of the tropical forest from a USGS Amazon forest study site near Santarém, Brazil.

Mapping Forest Carbon Cycles

Mark Altaweel

A recent research project uses geospatial technologies as a way to better assess the role that forests play in the global carbon budget.

Selected examples listed in this article illustrating why spatial data quality matters. Image: Joseph Kerski

Ten Reasons Why Spatial Data Quality Matters More Now Than Ever

Joseph Kerski

Geographer Josephy Kerski writes about 10 key reasons why geospatial data quality matters.

Map fan from China: Da Qing yi tong er shi san sheng yu di quan tu, 1890. Source: Library of Congress.

What is a Cartifact?

Caitlin Dempsey

A cartifact is an object containing a map that is used primarily for design rather than as a source of information.

Map fan from China: Da Qing yi tong er shi san sheng yu di quan tu, 1890. Source: Library of Congress.

Maps on Fans

Caitlin Dempsey

Maps can be found on a variety of items, including hand fans.

Southern stingray (Dasyatis americana), U.S. Virgin Islands, St. Croix. Photo: NOAA CCMA Biogeography Team, public domain.

Using Stingrays to Map the Ocean Floor

Caitlin Dempsey

One research lab in Japan is looking at using marine life to collect 3D geospatial data about the ocean floor.

Drone with ground-penetrating radar system flying close over river surface. Photo: John W. Lane, USGS. Public domain.

New Developments in UAVs

Mark Altaweel

2021 promises new changes that are set to shakeup UAVs and their use in future years.

Diagram showing WebGIS architecture. Adapted from Emmanuel Jolaiya.

WebGIS Section 3: Architecture

Emmanuel Jolaiya

Emmanuel Jolaiya explains the architectural workflow of a WebGIS.

The 3-way switch on a backpack sprayer handle. Photo: Harley Schinagl

Automatic and Efficient Data Logging of Weed Management Activities

Geo Contributor

Harley Schinagl, the developer of STA logger, write about how this geospatial hardware is designed for conservation and land management fields.

Cover of 'The Eternal City: A History of Rome in Maps"

Review | The Eternal City: A History of Rome in Maps

G.T. Dempsey

When you finish this delight of a book, you feel that the history of the mapping of Rome can stand as the very paradigm of the history of pre-digital cartography itself.

Time in Maps book cover

Review: Time in Maps

G.T. Dempsey

Time in Maps is a sumptuously-illustrated large-sized book that serves as a celebration of the development of GIS.

WebGIS Section 1 – A Quick Introduction to GIS and WebGIS

Emmanuel Jolaiya

In section 1 of this series on WebGIS, Emmanuel Jolaiya provides readers with an overview of GIS and WebGIS.

2020 Gift Guide For the GIS Person in Your Life

Caitlin Dempsey

Looking for a gift for your favorite GIS person? Here's a list of geo-related suggestions for a range of budgets.

Dan Ford is running a Kickstarter campaign to support the publication of his "Map Projections for Babies Board Book.

New “Map Projections for Babies” Board Book Helps Encourage Early Communication and Learning

Geo Contributor

Dan Ford explains how support from the geospatial community will help bring the "Map Projections for Babies" board book to life.

Isochrone map of walking times in central London in ArcGIS.

How to Create Public Transport Isochrones in ArcGIS Pro

Eric van Rees

This tutorial shows GIS users how they can create public transport isochrones using ArcGIS and the TravelTime plugin.

John Nelson is well known for his creative cartographic visualizations. One of his latest works is the "100 Years of Wildfire". The effort behind this map can be explored on two Esri blog posts: 100 Years of Wildfire: GIS-ification and 100 Years of Wildfire: Cartograph-izing.

How to Communicate with Maps

Mark Altaweel

Making maps requires a careful balance between science, art, and knowledge of your target audience. Features a MapScaping podcast with Esri's John Nelson.