Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Eelgrass at Cape Cod National Seashore. Photo: USGS, public domain.

The World’s Biggest Seagrass Restoration Project Is Good News for Marine Life and Climate

Katarina Samurović

Researchers have been conducting the world’s most extensive seagrass meadow restoration.

Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Pacific herring reared in the wet laboratory at the Marrowstone Marine Field Station. Photo: USGS, public domain

Study Finds Staggering Decline in Marine Fishery Biomass

Katarina Samurović

A recent global long-term fishery biomass trends evaluation has found an alarming decline in fish populations worldwide.

Douglas fir forest on the west side of the Cascade Mountains, McKenzie Pass, Willamette National Forest. Photo: David Goodrich, NOAA. Public domain.

Rapid Growth Shortens Trees’ Lifespans – and Adds to the Climate Crisis

Katarina Samurović

Researchers have found that trees growing faster due to warming conditions are also dying faster.

Freshwater habitats are in decline and under threat. Lindsey Slough in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is being choked by invasive aquatic vegetation. Photo: USGS, public domain.

WWF Report: Wildlife Has Declined 68% Since 1970

Katarina Samurović

In their latest Living Planet 2020 report, WWF revealed that global wildlife is facing catastrophic decline.

A group of crows roosting in a tree at dusk.

Why Do Crows Flock in Large Numbers?

Caitlin Dempsey

Why do crows start gathering in large numbers at certain times of the year?

Composite image of Europe at night, 2016. Credits: NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Suomi NPP VIIRS data from Miguel Román, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

Germany Plans to Curb Light Pollution to Save Insects

Katarina Samurović

In the latest bid to reverse the dramatic insect decline, Germany is planning on dimming its lights.

Map of ocean heat content in the upper ocean (from the sea surface to a depth of 700 meters, or 2,300 feet) for 2017 relative to the 1993–2017 baseline. Source: NASA.

Ocean Warming is Driving the Wrong-Way Migration of Some Benthic Species

Caitlin Dempsey

Some benthic species are spawning earlier due to ocean warming.

Examples of the physical basis for geographic locations likely to experience reduced rates of climate change. Source: Morelli, T. L., Daly, C., Dobrowski, S. Z., Dulen, D. M., Ebersole, J. L., Jackson, S. T., ... & Nydick, K. R. (2016). Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation. PLoS One, 11(8), e0159909. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159909. CC BY 4.0

Mapping Climate Refuges

Mark Altaweel

Climate refugia are places which can withstand climate change better than other regions and buffer the impacts of climate change.

Source: National Research and Development Institute for Soil, Agro-chemistry and Environmental Protection, Sectorial Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2007 via Combating desertification in the EU: a growing threat in need of more action, European Court of Auditors, 2018.

Desertification in Romania

Katarina Samurović

In their Sixth National Communication on Climate Change and First Biennial Report from 2013, the Romanian authorities estimated that the area affected by desertification makes up for about 30% of the country’s total area.

Map and graphs showing global distribution of mangrove loss and its drivers. From the study: "(a) The longitudinal distribution of total mangrove loss and the relative contribution of its primary drivers. Different colors represent unique drivers of mangrove loss. (b) The latitudinal distribution of total mangrove loss and the relative contribution of its primary drivers. (c‐g) Global distribution of mangrove loss and associated drivers from 2000 to 2016 at 1°×1° resolution, with the relative contribution (percentage) of primary drivers per continent: (c) North America, (d) South America, (e) Africa, (f) Asia, (g) Australia together with Oceania." Source: Goldberg et el., 2020. CC BY 4.0

Mapping the Causes of Mangrove Loss

Caitlin Dempsey

A joint NASA-USGS initiative has created the first worldwide map of the causes of change in mangrove habitats between 2000 and 2016.

Yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus rupestris). Photo: Marcial Quiroga-Carmona

The World’s Highest-Dwelling Mammal Found Atop of the World’s Second-Largest Active Volcano

Caitlin Dempsey

Scientists were able to document that the yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus rupestris) is the world's highest-dwelling mammal.

A school of sicklefin devil rays. Source: NOAA, public domain.

Marine Species are Shifting Towards the Poles

Elizabeth Borneman

A review of research found that marine species were shifting their habitats toward Earth’s poles on an average of six kilometers (3.7 miles) per year.

Crown shyness in trees. Gaps between the tree canopies on Fire Island. Photo: NPS, public domain.

Crown Shyness: When Trees Need Personal Space

Caitlin Dempsey

Crown shyness is a phenomenon where the outstretched branches of one tree don't touch neighboring tree branches.

Screenshot from the Biodiversity Atlas of LA County

UCLA Researchers Map the Biodiversity of Los Angeles County

Elizabeth Borneman

UCLA researchers have mapped the biodiversity of Los Angeles County.

As habitats become increasingly fragmented, the number of interactions between humans and wildlife increases. Source: Bloomfield, McIntosh. & Lambin, 2020.

Study Shows Loss of Forest Linked to Spread of Disease

Elizabeth Borneman

A study out of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment has shed new light on the many impacts to humans and wildlife that come through the practice of deforestation.

Help Map the World’s Coral Reefs

Elizabeth Borneman

NASA has invited video game enthusiasts and people with a scientific bent to help them map the world’s coral reefs.

Poplar fluff by the mill race. © Copyright Derek Harper and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Poplar Fluff is Highly Flammable

Caitlin Dempsey

This video captured from a burn in Parque del Cidacos de Calahorra in Spain, shows the speed at which poplar fluff is burned.

Net population change in North American migratory birds grouped by non- 793 breeding biome. Figure: Rosenberg et al., 2019.

There are Three Billion Fewer Birds in North America Than 50 Years Ago

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists have noticed a steep decrease in both rare and common bird species tha are found in North America.

These Maps Show How Early Spring Arrived in Parts of the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Spring arrived up to three to four weeks early in parts of the contiguous United States in 2020.

European Perch (Perca fluviatilis) from British fresh water fishes, 1879, public domain.

Urban Fish Get Less Sleep

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers looked at the effect of different nighttime light levels on the production of melatonin in European perch.

Giant Sequoia Forest Earns Protected Status

Elizabeth Borneman

A privately owned forest comprised of giant sequoia trees has recently earned protected status, thanks to a long-term effort by California’s Save the Redwoods League.

Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis). Photo: NPS | Katy Cain, public domain.

Higher Carbon Dioxide Makes Grasslands Less Nutritious for Grasshoppers

Caitlin Dempsey

One group of researchers looked at more than 40 species of grasshopper in the Konza Prairie in Kansas to see the effect of changing plant nutrients on insect populations.

Fire and Drought in the Amazon is Decimating Dung Beetle Populations

Caitlin Dempsey

Fire and drought are killing off dung beetles in the Amazon.

Groundhog. Photo: NPS, public domain.

Why Do Groundhogs Really Emerge on February 2?

Caitlin Dempsey

Why do groundhogs emerge around February 2? Hint: it's more to do with Valentine's Day.

The Atacama Desert, which normally receives only 1 to 3 millimeters of rain a year, had a rare snowfall in 2011. Image: NASA, public domain.

Soil Community in Atacama Desert Survives on Fog

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists have discovered new methods that allow certain plants and animals to survive in Chile’s Atacama Desert.

Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) a "living fossil" in West Sussex, England. © Copyright Keith Edkins and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Is Climate Change Bringing Back Prehistoric Redwood Trees?

Katarina Samurović

Because of global warming, the Dawn redwood might unexpectedly make it back to the wilderness of its ancient habitats in North America.