Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

An acorn woodpecker holding a large acorn in her beak while perched on a tree stump.

Acorn Woodpeckers in Northern California

Caitlin Dempsey

Acorn woodpeckers can be found in a range of habitats in Northern California where oak trees are present.

A view of a wetland with marshes on either side of a body of water.

Mapping the World’s Tidal Marshes

Mark Altaweel

The first global map of tidal marsh locations was developed using satellite-based imagery.

A view straight up a grove of redwoods.

Fog Sipping Coastal Redwoods

Caitlin Dempsey

The tallest trees in the world, the coastal redwood trees of Northern California, have a remarkable ability to use fog as a source of moisture.

A blackbird feeding nestlings in a nest built on top of a rusty rake. A red wooden wall is in the background and a white downspout helps to support the nest.

Timing Mismatch is Resulting in Fewer Birds

Caitlin Dempsey

A study has found that shifts in the timing of spring seasons, linked to climate change, are impacting bird breeding patterns and leading to less offspring.

Satellite imagery of a wildfire burning in Canada with smoke streaming from the area.

Wildfires in Canada

Caitlin Dempsey

Canada's boreal forests are facing a strong start to the 2023 wildfire season in Alberta and British Columbia.

A shaded relief map of the northern part of the United States and Canada showing areas in green that are boreal and hemiboreal forests.

Boreal Forests of North America are Shrinking

Katarina Samurović

Boreal forests in North America are defying predictions of northward expansion in response to climate change.

A satellite image of a wildfire burning across Oregon.

2023 Wildfires in the Western United States

Caitlin Dempsey

So far in early August of 2023, the wildfire season in the western United States has not been as intense as prior years when a years-long drought was raging.

A Burmese python coiled in the grass in the Everglades.

Florida’s Burmese Python Invasion

Marques Hayes

The introduction of the Burmese Python into Florida has resulted in the decline of many native mammals in the Florida Everglades.

A gray shaded relief map of California showing in shades of green where climate mismatched forests are in the Sierra Nevada.

Zombie Forests in the Sierra Nevada

Katarina Samurović

Climate change is creating a vegetation climate mismatch in the conifer forests of California's Sierra Nevada.

Several mountains with lush green bushes and trees.

Chaparral in California

Caitlin Dempsey

Chaparral ecosystems in California are characterized by dense shrubs and rocky terrains and span from maritime zones to mountain slopes.

Three turkey vultures with red heads sitting on the horizontal part of a light pole.

Geography of Vultures in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

The United States is home to three species of vultures: turkey vulture, black vulture, and the California condor.

Painted lady (Vanessa cardui). Image: NPS, public domain.

These Butterflies Have the Longest Known Migration Route

Caitlin Dempsey

Each fall, Painted Lady butterflies (Vanessa cardui) migrate from Europe to subtropical Africa. Individuals can travel as far as 4,000 kilometers.

A picture of a brown turtle with its head raised sitting in shallow water surrounded by mud and plant stems.

Wildlife Conservation in the Face of Climate Change: The Importance of Protected Areas

Mark Altaweel

Protected areas are important for providing refuge to amphibians and reptiles impacted by climate change.

Two yellow lilies among weeds in a field.

Geography of Superblooms in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

California's wet winter rains help drive the simultaneous blooming of a large number of wildflowers in the state's desert regions.

A bee looking for pollen inside the flower of a lavender plant.

Geography of Bees

Caitlin Dempsey

Bees, crucial pollinators, inhabit every continent except Antarctica. With over 20,000 species, they face threats from climate change and habitat loss.

A drawing of a mastodon with large tusks walking through a lush green forest.

Using Ancient DNA to Reconstruct Past Ecosystems

Mark Altaweel

Two-million-year-old DNA from Greenland's permafrost reveals a rich ancient ecosystem, including mastodons, showing past climate impacts and adaptation.

An old submerged ship's wheel covered in corals.

History of Artificial Coral Reefs

Katarina Samurović

Researchers have found success in using submerged ships and other artificial structures to help build coral reefs.

A photo of a white coral taken underwater.

Geography of Coral Reefs

Katarina Samurović

Learn about how coral reefs are formed, their growth, distribution, and the looming threats they face from environmental changes.

A closeup of a bee on a lavender plant.

Mapping Bee Populations: Understanding Distribution and Conservation

Mark Altaweel

Scientists use spatial science to monitor bee populations and address declines caused by insecticides, habitat loss, and climate change.

A brown wolf with yellow eyes stands in the snow in front of evergreen trees.

How Reintroducing Wolves Changed Yellowstone National Park

Mark Altaweel

Scientists have documented the trophic cascade effect of reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone National Park.

Two small birds sitting on an electrical wire with the blue sky behind them.

Mapping Small Bird Migrations

Mark Altaweel

Our understanding of bird migrations is changing as a result of tracking devices on birds, especially for small bird species.

A landscape view of tallgrass prairie in Kansas with a strip of blue sky and some light clouds.

Tallgrass Prairie

Katarina Samurović

The American Tallgrass prairie was once one of the largest and most diverse continuous ecosystems on the planet.

Gray clouds hang in the sky over vegetation dotting the surface of the dune field. Bits of pink clouds appear below the gray and a hint of a rainbow appears in the sky.

Biogeography Definitions

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are some common terms in biogeography, a field of geography that studies the distribution of species.

A wild turkey stands in the dried grass in front of a green bush.

Where are Wild Turkeys in California From?

Caitlin Dempsey

The wild turkeys that roam California were originally introduced from Texas.

A blackbird feeding nestlings in a nest built on top of a rusty rake. A red wooden wall is in the background and a white downspout helps to support the nest.

Synanthropes at a Horse Stable in Northern California

Caitlin Dempsey

Synanthropes are wild animals that benefits from living near humans.

A group of Canada geese swimming in the water. The sun is shining and some vegetation can be seen.

Canada Geese Migrate Less from Urban Areas

Caitlin Dempsey

With the expansion of urbanization, more Canada geese are becoming year round residents instead of migratory.