Physical Geography

Physical geography focuses on geography as an Earth science (and is sometimes called Earth System Science).

Physical geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the natural features and processes of the Earth’s surface. It includes the examination of landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water resources. Physical geographers use a range of scientific methods and tools to analyze and understand the complex interactions between the Earth’s physical systems.

Learn about the different branches of geography that fall under the physical geography category: climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, and more.

Paraná River

Caitlin Dempsey

The Paraná River runs 3,030 miles through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.   It originates at the junction of the Paranaiba and the Rio Grande rivers.  ...

Mississippi River

Caitlin Dempsey

The Mississippi River is the second longest river in North America.  Bodies of water from 31 contiguous states drain into ...

ZUBAIR ISLANDS ON DECEMBER 23, 2011. SOURCE: NASA’S EO-1 – ALI.

New Baby Island in the Zubair Islands

Caitlin Dempsey

A new island has been added to the Zubair Islands off the Yemeni coast as a result of volcanic activity that erupted on December 19, 2011.

Caribbean Islands: the Greater Antilles

Caitlin Dempsey

A Look at the geography of the Greater Antilles By looking at a map of the Caribbean we can easily ...

A map showing grayscale relief and a quaternary fault scarp.

How Archaeologists and Geomorphologists Can Work Together to Understand the Quaternary

Rachel Quist

Archaeologists and geomorphologists are some of the best suited professions for interdisciplinary research into the Late Quaternary period.

Pleistocene lakes and rivers from 15,000 years ago of the Mojave Desert. Source: USGS, 2004

Ancient Pluvial Lakes of North America and What They Can Tell Us about Climate Change

Rachel Quist

Datasets of paleoenvironmental variability contained in a variety of pluvial lakes is a treasure-trove of past climate conditions.

Diagram of the fast carbon cycle shows the movement of carbon between land, atmosphere, and oceans.(Diagram adapted from U.S. DOE, Biological and Environmental Research Information System.)

Various Forms of Carbon Sequestration: Helping the Overloaded Carbon Cycle

Meika Jensen

There are three main ways in which carbon can be removed from the atmosphere: physical processes, chemical processes and biological processes.

Animation of Southern Lights (Aurora Australis)

Caitlin Dempsey

This animation of the Southern Lights was recorded on September 11, 2005, four days after a solar flare sent an ionized gas of protons and electrons known as plasma towards the earth.  

Bristlecone pine forest in Great Basin National Park. Photo: USGS, public domain.

Island Biogeography of the Great Basin

Rachel Quist

The theory of island biogeography is one of the explanations as to why speciation occurs.

Map of Global Temperatures Since 1880

Caitlin Dempsey

NASA takes a look at global temperatures and has a short piece and animated map showing the global change in ...

NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the MODIS Land Group. Caption by Rebecca Lindsey.

Deadly Cold Across Europe and Russia

Caitlin Dempsey

This image shows the impact of the cold snap on land surface temperatures across the region from December 11 to 18, 2009, compared to the 2000-2008 average.

Line in the Sand – How the Same Species Differ Across Borders

Caitlin Dempsey

A study from the University of Haifa looked at differences between rodent, reptile, and ant lion species in Jordan and Israel.

This Satellite Image of Algae Bloom Looks Like a Painting

Caitlin Dempsey

Satellite imagery can show us fantastic and beautiful views of Earth.  This image captured on November 22, 2008 shows vibrate ...

A photograph of peaks and glaciers in the Swiss Alps taken from the International Space Station.

Fighting snowmelt with a windshield

Caitlin Dempsey

Geographer Hans-Joachim Fuchs is convinced that the use of windscreens to funnel katabatic winds (cold winds that blow downhill) in ...

Geography and Geology of the Galapagos Islands

Caitlin Dempsey

The Galapagos archipelago is located about 1000 kilometers to the west of Ecuador in the Pacific Ocean. The Galapagos Islands ...

Caribbean Islands: the Lesser Antilles

Caitlin Dempsey

Virgin Islands The Virgin Islands is an archipelago located in the northern part of the Lesser Antilles, in the Caribbean ...

Bothriocyrtum californicum (California Trapdoor Spider). Photo: Davefoc, MediaWiki Commons, CC BY 3.0

Biogeography of the Californian Trapdoor Spider

Caitlin Dempsey

Californian trapdoor spiders are found in a wide range of habitats and climates, ranging from hot, dry cresote bush scrub to cool montane red fir forests, and wet coast redwood forests.

A wildlife underpass at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge in south Texas. Photo: Mitch Sternberg/USFWS, public domain.

How Space and Time Affect Conservation Biology

Caitlin Dempsey

Time and space are two extremely important concepts that are central to formulating theories and models in biotic conservation.