Human Geography

Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the human population and their cultural, economic, and social interactions with the environment. It examines the distribution of human populations across the globe, the impact of human activity on the natural environment, and the ways in which people use and manage natural resources.

Learn about the different areas of human geography including economic geography, population geography, cultural geography, and more.

Map showing the parts that make up the United Kingdom. Map: Caitlin Dempsey using Natural Earth Data, public domain.

What is the Difference Between The United Kingdom and Great Britain?

Caitlin Dempsey

This article outlines the differences between the United Kingdom (also known as the UK), Great Britain, and the British Isles.

Fighting Drought with Man-made Mountains

A.J. Rohn

As a major drought continues in Africa and the Middle East, the United Arab Emirates is considering a project to create a “man made mountain” and seed the resulting clouds in order to produce rainfall.

Map showing the regions where natural disasters will occur due to climate change (global warming). The schematic was based on the Environmentally Induced Migration map from GRID Arenal.

Climate Refugees

Elizabeth Borneman

Another kind of refugee situation is growing, one that has nothing to do with politics or wars that displaces people almost indiscriminately, and without regard to factors other than geographic circumstance. This is climate change, and the people who are displaced by rising tides and devastating weather changes are climate refugees.

(a) Configuration of sampling site in Flagstaff office 1. This configuration was similar to those set up in all offices. Signs on the wall adjacent to wall sampling plate describe the project, as request that the materials not be touched. (b) Diagram of single sampling plate illustrating nine sampling swatches (circles) of three different materials, one row for tracking equilibrium relative humidity of the materials (Row #1), one row for infrequent sampling (Row #2), and one row for frequent sampling (Row #3). (c) Samples were collected from rows 2 and 3 of all sampling plates from three offices in each of our three cities in four intensive sampling periods over the course of one year. Coloring of sampling swatches in this figure illustrates the change in bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity over the year.

Geography of Microbiomes

Elizabeth Borneman

Researchers have determined that geography seems to be the most influential factor in determining what kinds of microbial life would be found in a variety of local office settings.

Map and summary table of Urban stream deserts (UrbSDs) within the Great Lakes Megaregion. The inset table summarizes the ten largest UrbSD Urban Areas (UAs). From: Napieralski and Carvalhaes, 2016.

Mapping the Consequences of American Urbanization and Stream Burial

A.J. Rohn

A study has found that much of the area of urban America ­ particularly in the Great Lakes region (8.3% of urban area), the Arizona Sun Corridor (7.1%), and Northern California (10.9%) but elsewhere all over the United States (6.2% total) ­ are “urban stream deserts” in which a city is “riverless... due to the effects of human development and population growth”.

Explore the Literary Geography of London

Caitlin Dempsey

Authorial London is a project that geolocates geographic references about London from writers that have lived in the United Kingdom's most populous city.

Screenshot showing the web page for the National Transit Map showing a bus and some icon.

National Transit Map 

Elizabeth Borneman

The goal of the national transit map is to find the places in America that are being under-serviced (or not serviced at all) by public transportation.

From Costello et al, 2016: "Current fishery status (“Kobe”) plots for four illustrative regions. Each dot represents a fishery. The red dots represent data from RAM database, and the black dots represent our estimates for unassessed fisheries. Dot size scales to fishery catch. Shading is from a kernel density plot. The green triangle is the median and the green square is catch-weighted mean, for the given region. Panels represent data from all global fisheries in our database (A), Northeast Pacific (B), Northeast Atlantic (C), and Western Central Pacific (D) regions."

A Promising Future in Global Fishery Management

A.J. Rohn

Fisheries around the world are in peril, both ecologically and economically. According to a new analysis, that turmoil does not have to be permanent.

District activity density in Milan (left) and Rome (right). From: De Nadai et al., 2016.

What Makes a Vibrant City? Lessons from Data Mining

Elizabeth Borneman

Researchers in Italy used a collaborative mapping tool, census data, land use data, and mobile phone data to compile information about the movement, interactions and life of an urban area.

Tree establishment at large villages of the Jemez Province. (Upper) Number of trees and dates of establishment at Kwastiyukwa (LA 482), Tovakwa (LA 484), and Kiatsukwa (LA 132/133). (Lower) locations of sampled trees at Kwastiyukwa (Left), Tovakwa (Center), and Kiatsukwa (Right). From: Liebmann et al, 2016.

Using LiDAR to Show How Native American Depopulation Impacted Forests in the United States

Elizabeth Borneman

Researchers have used LiDAR to understand the impacts of Native American population decline on forest fires in the United States.

USGS fishery biologists direct a trawl net as it is released into Lake Huron from a research fishing boat.

Eco­-certification Trends in Fisheries

A.J. Rohn

A recent study by researchers in Newfoundland and North Carolina looks at new trends in eco-certification and the attendant power dynamics between the parties engaged on a global scale.

Carbon, land, material and water footprints for different countries. Source: Ivanova et al., 2016.

Household Consumption Around the World

A.J. Rohn

A new study quantifies national household consumptions to find which countries are most responsible for climate change based on consumption.

A 19th century colored map showing New York City's street grid pattern.

Where the US Streets Have No Names

Elizabeth Borneman

Numerical numbering systems, or numbering streets in specific orders, is one way some cities have taking the pain out of navigation. A comprehensive analysis of streets in the US found that half of the cities here prefer to have their streets numbered rather than named.

This gravity hill makes water appear to drain uphill, Magnetic Hill in New Brunswick. Photo: Water appearing to run uphill at Magnetic Hill in New Brunswick by Laurie Piskun, under license CC BY-SA 3.0, MediaWiki Commons.

What are Gravity Hills?

Elizabeth Borneman

There are hundreds of gravity hills around the world and they are characterized as places where a geographical optical illusion has been created.

Geography and Racial Justice

A.J. Rohn

Rashad Shabazz’s book "Spatializing Blackness" explores racial geographies' role in understanding slavery, segregation, and violence.

Fortune 1000 Companies for 2013

Caitlin Dempsey

Sortable list of the top 50 Fortune 1000 companies from 2013. Fortune 1000 companies can be filtered by state.

Map showing the location of Paraguay and Bolivia, the only two landlocked countries in South America.

Landlocked Countries in South America

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about which countries in South America are landlocked.

Geography of Fortune 1000 Companies in 2013

Caitlin Dempsey

A quick look at the geography of Fortune 1000 companies in 2013. Includes a list of the Fortune 1000 rankings for 2013 which can be filtered by state.

Istanbul straddles both sides of the 20-mile long Bosporus Strait connecting the Mediterranean and Sea of Marmara (south) to the Black Sea (north). Source: NASA

Transcontinental Cities

Elizabeth Borneman

A transcontinental city is a city that exists on land over more than one continent. There are more than a few transcontinental cities in the world. Learn about cities that straddle continental divides.

What are Ghost Nations?

Elizabeth Borneman

Ghost states are states that function just like any other nation, but for various political reasons go unrecognized by the rest of the international community.

Timeline of the four Industrial Revolutions. Source: World Economic Forum

The Future of Jobs

A.J. Rohn

Although the third industrial revolution (IR) is still progressing, and our world continues to be shaped in many ways by the results of the first two, the World Economic Forum has begun to refer to some developments happening now in cyber­physical systems as the fourth IR.

Sustainable development goals of the United Nations. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/12/sustainable-development-goals-kick-off-with-start-of-new-year/

Addressing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

A.J. Rohn

As part of the Shaping Davos series, one dialogue titled “A ‘Glocal’ Approach to Sustainable Development” addressed the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Fish diversity and dam locations in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong basins. From Winemiller et al, 2016.

Impacts of Dams on Biodiversity

A.J. Rohn

A.J. Rohn discusses a report in Science which investigates the impacts of dams on the biodiversity of the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong river basins.

New Tourism Geography Book on Destination Competitiveness and Sustainability

Caitlin Dempsey

A new book in the CABI Series in Tourism Management Research has been released.

Atlas of Urban Geography from the 16th Century Reissued

Caitlin Dempsey

The earliest atlas of cities, Civitates Orbis Terrarium (or Cities of the World) captured a time of incredible urban development and cartographic innovation.

Tracking the Geographic Spread of the Zika Virus

A.J. Rohn

For those that want to track the progression of the Zika virus, healthmap.org has an online map along with an interactive timeline to see the chronology of the virus starting with the first autochthonous case reported in the Americas on Easter Island, Chile.