GIS Data

This category contains introductory text about GIS data such as types of error in GIS datasets, types of GIS data (raster and vector), and metadata.

After the Map GIS Data Available

Caitlin Dempsey

A bonus to the book, After the Map, is the companion site, www.afterthemap.info which offers access to all of the imagery, spreadsheets, and GIS data used in the book.

Average number of reporting weather stations in Rwanda during 1981 to 2013. Note the drastic drop in 1994. (Data source: Dinku et. al, 2016)

Building Missing Weather Data

Elizabeth Borneman

Called the ENACTS (Enhancing National Climate Services) initiative, scientists are using satellite data in order to estimate rainfall, temperature, and other information to fill in a 15 year gap in climate data collection for Rwanda.

Seabed surveys in the Canadian Arctic are done using using multi-beam sonar, sweep multi-transducer sweep systems and airborne laser bathymetry systems. Image: Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS).

Why the Canadian Arctic Needs to be Mapped

Elizabeth Borneman

The Canadian Hydrographic Service is in charge of mapping the Canadian Arctic, but they’ve only gotten about 10% of the way through Canada’s Arctic holdings.

Making Nottingham City Council’s Open Data Available

1Spatial

David A. Eagle, Managing Consultant takes a look at how 1Spatial helped Nottingham City Council harness FME in to streamline the availability of open data to the public, reducing its need to spend staff hours on Freedom of Information Act requests.

The new geologic map of Alaska. Map: USGS.

Using GIS and a Century of Data to Create a New Geologic Map of Alaska

Geo Contributor

In 2016, the USGS completed a new geologic map of Alaska using GIS.

Dense settlements (left) can take advantage of short-range wireless hotspots. Sparse settlements (right) require long-range cellular technology. Images: Digitalglobe.

GIS and Artificial Intelligence Used to Build Facebook’s World Population Map

Troy Lambert

Facebook has used a combination of existing GIS data, high resolution imagery, and artificial intelligence to develop a detailed population map of the world.

View of a section of Berkeley, California from the Fast 3D City Model Generation, Christian Früh.

Automatic Acquisition of 3D City Models

SBL

This concept paper on the automatic acquisition of 3D city models was written by Venugopalan Nair who is the Senior Manager of Geo Spatial Services at SBL.

Transit Explorer: Mapping all of North America’s Transit Routes

Caitlin Dempsey

Transit Explorer is a mapping application that visualizes current, planned, and proposed transit routes across Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

Shapefiles store vector information such as points (represented by well locations in this map), lines (river), and polygons (lake).

What is a Shapefile?

Caitlin Dempsey

The shapefile format is now a common format for storing GIS data. Shapefiles store non-topological vector data along with related attribute data.

Using Remote Sensing to Count Trees

SBL

Tree count management using remote sensing techniques is important for sustaining conservational stability and ecological biodiversity.

Since January 1, 2000, more than 4.3 million scenes have been captured by Landsat satellites and made available to the public. Graph by Joshua Stevens, using data collected from the U.S. Geological Survey acquisitions archive.

Cloud Computing Used to Analyze Landsat Imagery and Detect Deforestation

Zachary Romano

Landsat, NASA’s longest running initiative for the acquisition of Earth imagery, has generated nearly 50 trillion pixels of data by capturing one image per season, of every place on Earth, for the past 43 years, providing a treasure trove of data for researchers.

Satellite imagery and data from Landsat 8 (left) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (center) show land cover (right)  on the Senegal–Guinea border in 2014. Source: Skidmore et al, 2015.

Researchers: Satellite Imagery Could Boost Wildlife Conservation

Elizabeth Borneman

An increased number of scientists, conservationists and technology scions are banding together to use their various strengths to benefit conservation efforts to track global biodiversity.

Map of Chile generated with topography from SRTM.

Five Applications of Satellite Data

SBL

To illustrate the benefits, here are five uses of satellite imagery and data.

Extracting 3D GIS Data

SBL

This piece by Anil Narendran Pillai, Vice President of Geomatics at SBL, takes a look at 3D GIS data creation using feature extraction methods.

Map of the world's forests. Source: Crowther et al, 2015.

Measuring the Number of Trees in the World

Zachary Romano

Using a combination of satellite imagery, forest inventories, and supercomputer technologies, researchers estimate there are 3.041 trillion trees in the world.

Processing UAV Imagery and its Applications

SBL

This article highlights the steps for processing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery and GIS data acquisition and discusses areas of applications.

Map of river widths for North America. The darker the blue, the wider the river. Source: NASA.

River Width GIS Data Created from 1,756 Landsat Images

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers used 1,756 Landsat images to develop a GIS database of river widths for the entire North American continent.

A Brief Introduction to Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

SBL

The following is a brief introduction to photogrammetry and remote sensing for those who are new with the technology, written by Anil Narendran Pillai, Vice President – Geomatics at SBL.

Acquired on 27 June 2015 at 10:25 UTC (12:25 CEST), just four days after launch, this close-up of France’s southern coast from Nice airport (lower left) to Menton (upper right) is a subset from the first image from the Sentinel-2A satellite. This false colour image was processed including the instrument’s high-resolution infrared spectral channel.

First Satellite Images from Sentinel-2 Delivered

Caitlin Dempsey

Four days after its launch, the first images from Sentinel-2 have been delivered.  Covering an area from central Europe and the ...

Landsat 8 Data Users Handbook

Caitlin Dempsey

Launched in 2013 by NASA, Landsat 8 is the latest satellite in the series.  The mission of the orbiting satellite is ...

Setting drone flight coordinates.

Using Drones to Protect Indigenous Lands

Caitlin Dempsey

Indigenous Dayaks in Setulang, Indonesia are using drones to quickly and cheaply map their territories for defending against trespassers.

Kibera geographic data collection via OpenStreetMap

Black Holes No More: The Emergence of Volunteer Geographic Information

Geo Contributor

This essay by Ron Mahabir takes a look at how crowdsourced mapping efforts are helping to fill in much needed geographic information about impoverished areas around the world.

Data Reviewer helps validate your data. Image: Esri

Keys to Successfully Managing GIS Data Health and Quality

Geo Contributor

Jennifer Kennedy, a GIS Analyst at Timmons Group discusses the importance of managing GIS data quality and some GIS solutions for managing GIS data and ensuring its integrity.

Strava has captured over 400,000 bike trips a year in Oregon.

Big Data, GIS, and Bikes

Rebecca Maxwell

The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) has set a precedent for public agencies across the country with the purchase of ...

Mapping rail utilities using LiDAR.

LiDAR and Rail Utility Mapping and Digital Asset Preparation

SBL

Venugopalan Nair, Senior Manager, SBL, discussed why LiDAR is an efficient and quick technology for mapping rail utilities.

IIASA-IFPRI Global Cropland Map (View of northern and central Africa). Credit: IIASA Geo-Wiki Project, Google

Maps Serve to Monitor Global Agriculture

Rebecca Maxwell

As the world’s population grows, the amount of land available for farming is becoming a major concern. Increasing competition for ...