Physical Geography

Physical geography focuses on geography as an Earth science (and is sometimes called Earth System Science).

Physical geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the natural features and processes of the Earth’s surface. It includes the examination of landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water resources. Physical geographers use a range of scientific methods and tools to analyze and understand the complex interactions between the Earth’s physical systems.

Learn about the different branches of geography that fall under the physical geography category: climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, and more.

Europe’s Largest Solar Energy Plant

Caitlin Dempsey

With 1,430,000 solar panels, Nรบรฑez de Balboa in Spain is currently Europe's largest solar plant.

Map of ocean heat content in the upper ocean (from the sea surface to a depth of 700 meters, or 2,300 feet) for 2017 relative to the 1993โ€“2017 baseline. Source: NASA.

Oceans Are Warming 40 Percent Faster Than Previously Estimated

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

A review of available studies, published in Science in January 2019, has revealed that the rate of ocean warming is as much as 40% faster than that suggested by IPCC.

Geography of the Himalayas

Elizabeth Borneman

Learn about the Himalayas, the tallest mountain range in the world. The Himalayas' peaks include Mount Everest, the world's highest.

Exposed rock ridges are thick Pleistocene lava flows that were confined between large glaciers. Glacier Peak, Washington, view north. Photo: Heather Bleick, USGS Public domain.

Glaciers

Elizabeth Borneman

Learn about glaciers including the types of glaciers and how glaciers move.

This Detailed Map Shows 119 Years of Earthquakes

Caitlin Dempsey

The USGS has released a highly detailed and updated map of seismicity from 1900 to 2018.

Using Remote Sensing to Understand Steve in the Sky

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists took a scene from the movie and applied it to real life. When they observed something in the sky they didnโ€™t understand and couldnโ€™t readily identify, they called it Steve.

Using Twitter to Map Nuisance Flooding

Caitlin Dempsey

To get a better understanding of localized flooding, the researchers mined Twitter data for geolocated tweets to fill in the gaps in data about flooding.

Satellites Give Detailed Insights into Climate Sciences

Elizabeth Borneman

The European Space Agency has recently released a report entitled โ€˜10 New Insights in Climate Scienceโ€™.

Groundhog. Photo: NPS, public domain.

Why Do Groundhogs Really Emerge on February 2?

Caitlin Dempsey

Why do groundhogs emerge around February 2? Hint: it's more to do with Valentine's Day.

Windblown Snow. Image: NASA/Michael Studinger, public domain

What is a Snow Devil?

Caitlin Dempsey

Miniature vortexes of wind can stir up snow in a formation known as a snow devil.

Geography Facts About the Pacific Ocean

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn some geography facts about the world's largest ocean.

The Atacama Desert, which normally receives only 1 to 3 millimeters of rain a year, had a rare snowfall in 2011. Image: NASA, public domain.

Soil Community in Atacama Desert Survives on Fog

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists have discovered new methods that allow certain plants and animals to survive in Chileโ€™s Atacama Desert.

The Atacama Desert, which normally receives only 1 to 3 millimeters of rain a year, had a rare snowfall in 2011. Image: NASA, public domain.

Driest Non-polar Desert in the World

Caitlin Dempsey

Situated in northern Chile, the Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth.

Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) a "living fossil" in West Sussex, England. ยฉ Copyright Keith Edkins and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Is Climate Change Bringing Back Prehistoric Redwood Trees?

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Because of global warming, the Dawn redwood might unexpectedly make it back to the wilderness of its ancient habitats in North America.

A wolf dog sitting in the grass.

European Wolves Could Be Replaced by Wolf-Dog Hybrids

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Scientists are now worried that the future of the 17,000 wolves known to live in Europe is in jeopardy due to crossbreeding with dogs.

The National Weather Service in Miami recently issued a "falling iguana" warning during a cold spell.

Why Do Iguanas Drop From Trees When It’s Cold in Florida?

Caitlin Dempsey

Occasionally, the temperature in southern Florida approaches freezing, leading to falling iguanas.

Geography Facts About Antarctica

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn interesting geography facts about the continent of Antarctica, the driest, coldest, highest continent on Earth.

An analysis of 24 years of radar data shows a shift to earlier spring migrations, particularly for birds at higher latitudes where regions are warming more quickly. Figure: Horton et al., 2020.

Spring Bird Migration is Happening Earlier for Some Birds

Caitlin Dempsey

With changes in temperature due to climate change, researchers looking at ย 24 years of radar data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have found that migrating birds were more likely to arrive at certain stops earlier than they would have twenty years ago.ย 

Researchers analyzed Landsat satellite imagery between 1993 to 2018 to look at changes in subnival vegetation cover in the Himalayas.

Plant Life is Expanding in the Area around Mount Everest

Caitlin Dempsey

Using satellite imagery, researchers have found that subnival vegetation, the vegetation that grows between the treeline and snowline, is increasing in spatial extent around the Mount Everest and Himalaya area.ย 

Landsat 8 imagery of Kangaroo Island showing damage from wildfires. Acquirered January 9, 2020.

Satellite Imagery Shows Fire Damage to Australia’s Kangaroo Island

Caitlin Dempsey

Like parts of mainland Australia, Kangaroo Island has been devastated by bushfires fueled by drought and intense temperatures.

Map showing the location of Iran in the Middle East. Map from Equal Earth, public domain.

Physical Geography Facts About Iran

Caitlin Dempsey

Iran, known officially as the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country located in the Middle East. ย 

Hoodoos at Bryce Canyon National Park. Photo: Bryce Canyon NPS, Public domain.

The World’s Highest Concentration of Hoodoos

Caitlin Dempsey

Hoodoos are tall, thin rock spires that occur all around the world.

Tallest mountain on each continent. Graph adapted from Cmglee, Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0

Seven Summits: The Tallest Mountain on Each Continent

Caitlin Dempsey

Listed here are the tallest mountains based on summit elevation for each of the seven continents.

The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA).

The Highest Continent

Caitlin Dempsey

"The land of snow and ice" is the highest continent on Earth.

A long-term habitat connectivity experiment. Source: Damschen et al., 2019.

Connecting Fragmented Habitat Improves Biodiversity

Elizabeth Borneman

Researchers found that connecting natural corridors of habitat to one another promotes biodiversity in the plants and animals that are able to thrive in those locations.

Dumbo octopus. Source: NOAA.

Life at the Entrance to the Arctic Ocean

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers traveled to the Chukchi Borderlands to learn more about deep ocean life at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean.

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