Physical Geography

Physical geography focuses on geography as an Earth science (and is sometimes called Earth System Science).

Physical geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the natural features and processes of the Earth’s surface. It includes the examination of landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water resources. Physical geographers use a range of scientific methods and tools to analyze and understand the complex interactions between the Earth’s physical systems.

Learn about the different branches of geography that fall under the physical geography category: climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, and more.

Subaerial portion of Pūhāhonu. Photo: NOAA, public domain.

Earth’s Largest Shield Volcano

Caitlin Dempsey

Scientists have discovered the Earth's largest volcano using bathymetric and gravity mapping.

Slumgullion landslide. Photo: William Schulz, USGS, public domain.

Slow-Motion Landslides

Caitlin Dempsey

Not all landslides are sudden or fast-moving.

Screenshot from the Biodiversity Atlas of LA County

UCLA Researchers Map the Biodiversity of Los Angeles County

Elizabeth Borneman

UCLA researchers have mapped the biodiversity of Los Angeles County.

Map showing the location of Niue. Map: Equal Earth Wall Map, public domain.

Niue Designated the First Dark Sky Nation

Elizabeth Borneman

The Pacific island nation of Niue has made history as the first designated dark sky nation on Earth.

As habitats become increasingly fragmented, the number of interactions between humans and wildlife increases. Source: Bloomfield, McIntosh. & Lambin, 2020.

Study Shows Loss of Forest Linked to Spread of Disease

Elizabeth Borneman

A study out of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment has shed new light on the many impacts to humans and wildlife that come through the practice of deforestation.

Help Map the World’s Coral Reefs

Elizabeth Borneman

NASA has invited video game enthusiasts and people with a scientific bent to help them map the world’s coral reefs.

Satellite imagery from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) showing the location of Amphan.

Amphan is the Strongest Super Cyclone Ever Recorded in the Bay of Bengal

Caitlin Dempsey

Amphan is a powerful cyclone that has formed in the Bay on Bengal.

Arthur is the First Named Storm of the 2020 Hurricane Season

Caitlin Dempsey

Arthur is the first named storm of the 2020 hurricane season which officially begins on June 1, 2020.

Poplar fluff by the mill race. © Copyright Derek Harper and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Poplar Fluff is Highly Flammable

Caitlin Dempsey

This video captured from a burn in Parque del Cidacos de Calahorra in Spain, shows the speed at which poplar fluff is burned.

Drift ice in the Sea of Okhotsk. Image: Landsat 8, NASA.

Lowest Latitude Sea Ice South of the Arctic

Caitlin Dempsey

One of the lowest latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere where sea ice forms in the Northern Hemisphere is the Sea of Okhotsk.

Net population change in North American migratory birds grouped by non- 793 breeding biome. Figure: Rosenberg et al., 2019.

There are Three Billion Fewer Birds in North America Than 50 Years Ago

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists have noticed a steep decrease in both rare and common bird species tha are found in North America.

Atmospheric Ozone Hole Over Arctic Region

Elizabeth Borneman

A combination of atmospheric factors have led to the creation of the lowest levels of ozone in a decade over the Arctic.

View of Hurricane Florence taken from the International Space Station, 2018. Source: NASA

2020 Hurricane Season is Likely to be More Active Than Usual

Caitlin Dempsey

A newly released hurricane outlook from the Weather Channel expects the upcoming 2020 hurricane season to be more active than normal.

Review | A Field Guide to Climate Anxiety

G.T. Dempsey

This is a self-help book about how each of us, both personally and together, can deal with the angst of confronting this seemingly intractable problem of climate change.

2020 Earth Day Marks the 50th Anniversary

Katarina Samurović

On April 22, 2020, a big environmental jubilee is taking place - the 50th anniversary of Earth Day.

These Maps Show How Early Spring Arrived in Parts of the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Spring arrived up to three to four weeks early in parts of the contiguous United States in 2020.

Various types and sizes of plastics collected from the Kinnickinnic River, Milwaukee, WI. Photo: S. Mason, State University of New York at Fredonia. Public domain. Source: USGS.

This Newly Identified Strain of Bacteria Eats Rarely Recycled Plastic

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists have identified a strain of bacterium that is able to break down plastic and use that plastic as its food source.

Physical weathering by waves at Arcadia National Park in Maine. Photo: John J. Mosesso, USGS. Public domain.

Physical and Chemical Weathering of Rocks

Caitlin Dempsey

Weathering is the breaking down of rock material by physical or chemical processes.

European Perch (Perca fluviatilis) from British fresh water fishes, 1879, public domain.

Urban Fish Get Less Sleep

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers looked at the effect of different nighttime light levels on the production of melatonin in European perch.

Review | Rivers of Power

G.T. Dempsey

Rivers shape the surface of our planet and play a role in human history. Review of Rivers of Power by G.T. Dempsey.

the jet stream shifted from about 49° S to 51° S between 1980 and 2000 — the years when the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica was becoming depleted. The trend alters after 2000, when the ozone layer began to recover as a result of the Montreal Protocol, which banned ozone-depleting substances. Image: Banerjee et al., 2020.

As the Ozone Layer Recovers it is Changing Wind Patterns

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers from the University of Montreal used satellite data and climate modeling to understand how the recovery of the ozone layer has affected the Earth's atmosphere.

Review | Dangerous Earth

G.T. Dempsey

G.T. Dempsey reviews Ellen Prager's Dangerous Earth: What We Wish We Knew about Volcanoes, Hurricanes, Climate Change, Earthquakes, and More.

Giant Sequoia Forest Earns Protected Status

Elizabeth Borneman

A privately owned forest comprised of giant sequoia trees has recently earned protected status, thanks to a long-term effort by California’s Save the Redwoods League.

Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis). Photo: NPS | Katy Cain, public domain.

Higher Carbon Dioxide Makes Grasslands Less Nutritious for Grasshoppers

Caitlin Dempsey

One group of researchers looked at more than 40 species of grasshopper in the Konza Prairie in Kansas to see the effect of changing plant nutrients on insect populations.

Fire and Drought in the Amazon is Decimating Dung Beetle Populations

Caitlin Dempsey

Fire and drought are killing off dung beetles in the Amazon.

Australia’s Yarrabubba is the Oldest Impact Crater on Earth

Katarina Samurović

Recently published research indicates that the Yarrabubba impact structure in Australia may be the world's oldest.