Physical Geography

Physical geography focuses on geography as an Earth science (and is sometimes called Earth System Science).

Physical geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the natural features and processes of the Earth’s surface. It includes the examination of landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water resources. Physical geographers use a range of scientific methods and tools to analyze and understand the complex interactions between the Earth’s physical systems.

Learn about the different branches of geography that fall under the physical geography category: climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, and more.

A chestnut-backed chickadee on a redwood branch.

Number of “Dees” in a Chickadee’s Alarm Call is Related to the Danger Level of Nearby Predators

Caitlin Dempsey

The number of "dees" in a chickadee's alarm call correlates with the size and threat level of the predator.

A black and white dragonfly resting on a blade of grass.

Tracking Mercury With Dragonflies

Caitlin Dempsey

Research on mercury levels in dragonfly larvae from 73 U.S. national parks reveals insights into mercury deposition patterns.

Gravity wave clouds over a forest on a bright sunny day.

How Undular Bores Show Up in the Clouds

Caitlin Dempsey

Undular bores create distinctive wave-like cloud patterns, such as morning glory clouds, by pushing warm air upward.

A giant sequoia tree at Yosemite National Park's Mariposa Grove of Big Trees.

Geography of Giant Sequoias

Elizabeth Borneman

Giant sequoias are one of the longest lived tree species, with the oldest giant sequoia living an estimated 3,400 years.

A lizard clinging upright on a steep rock with dried grass behind it.

Urbanization is Shortening the Legs of Western Fence Lizards

Caitlin Dempsey

Western fence lizards have adapted to manmade surfaces in urban areas by developing shorter limbs and toes.