climate change

Cover of the book, "Drought, Flood, Fire: How Climate Change Contributes to Catastrophes."

Review | Drought, Flood, Fire: How Climate Change Contributes to Catastrophes

G.T. Dempsey

"Drought, Flood, Fire: How Climate Change Contributes to Catastrophes" is written by a scientist who understands how to meaningfully inform his non-scientist readers.ย ย 

Ocotillo (left) and saguaro (right) are two plants found in the Sonoran Desert. Photo: National Park Service/Alice Wondrak Biel, Saguaro National Park, Public domain.

The Sonoran Desert is Losing Plants Due to Climate Change

Caitlin Dempsey

Between 1984 and 2017, a team of researchers utilized Landsat imagery to examine changes in vegetation in the Colorado Desert in Southern California.

Satellite view of cumulonimbus cloud over Africa. These dramatic cloud formations are caused by rising air currents containing water vapor and varying layers of differing-temperature air in the upper atmosphere. Image: NASA

Coldest Temperature of Clouds Recorded by a Satellite

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers measured the coldest temperature ever recorded by a satellite of a cloud.

Ghost Forest in North Carolinaโ€™s marshy Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula. Image: Landsat 8, NASA, November 25, 2019.

Climate Change and the Expansion of Ghost Forests

Elizabeth Borneman

Along the geography of the East Coast of the United States, large swathes of forest are declining at increasing rates.

Debris Flow in Cable Canyon following the 2003 Old Fire in the San Bernardino Mountains, California. Photo: USGS, public domain.

Climate Change is Increasing Post-Wildfire Landslides in Southern California

Caitlin Dempsey

A recently published study has forecasted that climate change is driving increased wildfire and landslide risk in Southern California.

A diagram showing areas of the world covered in forests and a graph using tree symbols to show which countries have the highest amount of forests.

Climate Change is Shrinking Forests in North America

Caitlin Dempsey

The impact of climate change is reducing the amount of habitat where the trees of North America can thrive.

White heron wading in the wetlands in Ironia, New Jersey. Photo: USGS, public domain

Flooding Can Help Protect Wetlands From Climate Change

Elizabeth Borneman

Targeted flooding may be one tool that conservationists and wetland restoration specialists have to make wetland areas more resilient in the face of climate change.

Retreating glacier south of Mt. Pendleton in Denali National Park, Alaska, with runoff from glacial melt seen in the foreground. Photo: Dennis G. Dye, U.S. Geological Survey. Public domain.

The Use of Gravimetry Satellites for Measuring Ice and Sea Level Change

Mark Altaweel

Satellites now allow researchers to make more accurate mass measurements to large areas covered by ice and understand the effects of snow and ice melt on sea level change.

Douglas fir forest on the west side of the Cascade Mountains, McKenzie Pass, Willamette National Forest. Photo: David Goodrich, NOAA. Public domain.

Rapid Growth Shortens Treesโ€™ Lifespans – and Adds to the Climate Crisis

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Researchers have found that trees growing faster due to warming conditions are also dying faster.

Map of ocean heat content in the upper ocean (from the sea surface to a depth of 700 meters, or 2,300 feet) for 2017 relative to the 1993โ€“2017 baseline. Source: NASA.

Ocean Warming is Driving the Wrong-Way Migration of Some Benthic Species

Caitlin Dempsey

Some benthic species are spawning earlier due to ocean warming.

Examples of the physical basis for geographic locations likely to experience reduced rates of climate change. Source: Morelli, T. L., Daly, C., Dobrowski, S. Z., Dulen, D. M., Ebersole, J. L., Jackson, S. T., ... & Nydick, K. R. (2016). Managing climate change refugia for climate adaptation. PLoS One, 11(8), e0159909. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159909. CC BY 4.0

Mapping Climate Refuges

Mark Altaweel

Climate refugia are places which can withstand climate change better than other regions and buffer the impacts of climate change.

A photograph showing a snow algae bloom dominated by green algae starting to melt out from beneath seasonal snow cover. Photo: Gray et al., 2020. CC BY 4.0.

Why Is Antarcticaโ€™s Snow Turning Green?

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

The coasts of the northern Antarctic Peninsula are seasonally turning green, orange, and red - all thanks to microscopic algae.

An Urban Centre is defined as: all cells with a local population density of at least 1,500 people/km2 or with a local built-up area share of at least 0.50, and clustered in a 4-connectivity object of at least 50,000 people or all cells resulting from 3x3 median filtering or by gap filling < 15 km2 (median filtering and gap filling applied to cluster of cells that met the previous logics).

Improving Urban Decision Making with Open Earth Observations

Geo Contributor

Steven Ramage, Head of External Relations, Group on Earth Observations (GEO), outlines innovative partnerships and activities GEO has been working on globally using open Earth data, GIS, and cloud technologies.

A school of sicklefin devil rays. Source: NOAA, public domain.

Marine Species are Shifting Towards the Poles

Elizabeth Borneman

A review of research found that marine species were shifting their habitats toward Earthโ€™s poles on an average of six kilometers (3.7 miles) per year.

Total burned area in 2019 compared to the 2001-2018 average in South America. From: Lizundia-Loiola, J., Pettinari, M.L., & Chuvieco, E. (2020). Temporal Anomalies in Burned Area via ESA.

2019 Was a Tumultuous Fire Season in the Amazon

Elizabeth Borneman

Scientists and researchers have pieced together the many impacts the 2019 Amazon fire season had on that region and the world as a whole.

Map showing mass ice loss from Antarctica (2003 to 2019). Source: Smith et al., 2020.

Coastal Ice Loss is Outpacing Mainland Ice Gains on Both Antarctica and Greenland

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

A recent study has confirmed that the coastal ice loss is much greater than the mainland ice gain on both Antarctica and Greenland.

Projected geographical shift of the human temperature niche from current (A) to 2070 (B). Map C shows shaded areas of red where suitability has shifted the most from suitable to less suitable. Maps: Xu et al., 2020.

Study Estimates That 3 Billion People Will Be Living In Extreme Heat By 2070

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Researchers used data from UN population projections to map out how a three-degree warming scenario will translate into temperature changes for the world's population.

View of Hurricane Florence taken from the International Space Station, 2018. Source: NASA

2020 Hurricane Season is Likely to be More Active Than Usual

Caitlin Dempsey

A newly released hurricane outlook from the Weather Channel expects the upcoming 2020 hurricane season to be more active than normal.

the jet stream shifted from about 49ยฐโ€‰S to 51ยฐโ€‰S between 1980 and 2000 โ€” the years when the stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica was becoming depleted. The trend alters after 2000, when the ozone layer began to recover as a result of the Montreal Protocol, which banned ozone-depleting substances. Image: Banerjee et al., 2020.

As the Ozone Layer Recovers it is Changing Wind Patterns

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers from the University of Montreal used satellite data and climate modeling to understand how the recovery of the ozone layer has affected the Earth's atmosphere.

Review | Dangerous Earth

G.T. Dempsey

G.T. Dempsey reviews Ellen Prager's Dangerous Earth: What We Wish We Knew about Volcanoes, Hurricanes, Climate Change, Earthquakes, and More.

Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis). Photo: NPS | Katy Cain, public domain.

Higher Carbon Dioxide Makes Grasslands Less Nutritious for Grasshoppers

Caitlin Dempsey

One group of researchers looked at more than 40 species of grasshopper in the Konza Prairie in Kansas to see the effect of changing plant nutrients on insect populations.

Map of ocean heat content in the upper ocean (from the sea surface to a depth of 700 meters, or 2,300 feet) for 2017 relative to the 1993โ€“2017 baseline. Source: NASA.

Oceans Are Warming 40 Percent Faster Than Previously Estimated

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

A review of available studies, published in Science in January 2019, has revealed that the rate of ocean warming is as much as 40% faster than that suggested by IPCC.

Topographical map of Johnsonโ€™s Reef from NASAโ€™s Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) in June 2003. Source: NASA/USGS, public domain

Mapping the Entire Surface of the Earth with LiDAR

Elizabeth Borneman

A project called the Earth Archive plans to use Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) to map the entire surface of the Earth.

Satellites Give Detailed Insights into Climate Sciences

Elizabeth Borneman

The European Space Agency has recently released a report entitled โ€˜10 New Insights in Climate Scienceโ€™.

Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) a "living fossil" in West Sussex, England. ยฉ Copyright Keith Edkins and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Is Climate Change Bringing Back Prehistoric Redwood Trees?

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Because of global warming, the Dawn redwood might unexpectedly make it back to the wilderness of its ancient habitats in North America.

An analysis of 24 years of radar data shows a shift to earlier spring migrations, particularly for birds at higher latitudes where regions are warming more quickly. Figure: Horton et al., 2020.

Spring Bird Migration is Happening Earlier for Some Birds

Caitlin Dempsey

With changes in temperature due to climate change, researchers looking at ย 24 years of radar data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have found that migrating birds were more likely to arrive at certain stops earlier than they would have twenty years ago.ย 

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