United States

Articles and information related to the geography of the United States

Map showing the NDVI anomaly in 2024 compared to average levels from 1991 to 2020). After a couple of years of above average precipitation in Southern California, vegetations levels in the summer of 2024 were 30% greener than average. Map: NASA, public domain.

Hydroclimate Whiplash: the Impact on California Wildfires

Caitlin Dempsey

Hydroclimate whiplash - the rapid swing between drought and heavy precipitation - plays a role in the increasing intensity of California wildfires.

Fire Islands is an Atlantic Ocean barrier island off the southern shore of Long Island, New York. Photo: Jennifer Miselis, USGS. Public domain.

Barrier Islands in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Barrier islands are narrow landforms running parallel to coastlines, protecting shores from storms and erosion while supporting unique ecosystems.

Coastlines, like this California view at Pescadero, show how complex coastlines are with bluffs, rocks, and curvature. Photo: Meaghan Faletti, USGS . Public domain.

How Many States Are Along the East Coast and West Coast of the United States?

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn how many states are along the East Coast and how many states are along the West Coast.

A giant sequoia tree at Yosemite National Park's Mariposa Grove of Big Trees.

Geography of Giant Sequoias

Elizabeth Borneman

Giant sequoias are one of the longest lived tree species, with the oldest giant sequoia living an estimated 3,400 years.

McKinley Lake near Cordova, Alaska

Which States Have the Highest Percentage of Water Area?

Caitlin Dempsey

Water shapes U.S. states' geography and ecosystems. Which states have the highest and lowest percentages of area covered by perennial water?

The Diomedes Islands mark the closest point between Russia and the United States.

These Two Countries are Separated by 2.4 Miles and 21 Hours

Caitlin Dempsey

There exists a geographic point where two of the largest countries in the world are only separated by a 2.4 miles but are 21 hours apart.

A dark photo taken at night showing lightning and a purple sky around the lightning.

Geography of Lightning Strikes in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers recently mapped out data from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) between 2017 and 2022 to see where lightning strikes the most across the contiguous United States.

A map showing moisture levels carried by an atmospheric river over the West Coast including California. High moisture levels are a dark blue-green and low moisture levels are brown.

What is the Outlook for California’s Atmospheric Rivers?

Caitlin Dempsey

During the winter months, atmospheric rivers carry enormous amounts of water to the state of California.

An oblique view of Hawaii showing two snow-capped volcanoes.

Snow in Hawaii

Caitlin Dempsey

Hawaii may be in the tropics, but it gets snow every year.

Double rainbow seen from Lower Mammoth in Yellowstone National Park. Photo: Dan Hottle/NPS, public domain.

Exploring Rainbows and Moonbows

Caitlin Dempsey

Rainbows and moonbows occur when light is refracted through drops of water in the sky.

A shaded relief map with labels of the highest point in each state.

Highest Point in Every U.S. State

Caitlin Dempsey

Discover the highest point in each U.S. state.

Graph with lines in 1,000 foot intervals with a mountain graphic and labels corresponding to the heights of the five tallest mountains in the United States.

The Highest 11 Mountains in the United States

Elizabeth Borneman

Learn about the highest 11 mountains in the United States.

A shaded relief map of the United States with inset maps for Alaska and Hawaii with lowest points in each state marked with a small black dot and highest points in each state marked with a red diamond symbol.

U.S. States With the Most Extreme Elevation Spans

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are the states with the greatest difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points.

Three wolves eating a deer in the snow.

Study: Human Activities Have Changed How Wolves Hunt Deer

Caitlin Dempsey

Logging, linear features, and human infrastructure are changing where wolves hunt for deer.

A view across a valley of a dome volcano on a bright sunny day with a blue sky and some clouds.

Largest Dome Volcano in the World

Caitlin Dempsey

Lassen Peak is the world's largest dome volcano with a height of 10,457 feet (3,187 meters).

A view straight up a grove of redwoods.

Fog Sipping Coastal Redwoods

Caitlin Dempsey

The tallest trees in the world, the coastal redwood trees of Northern California, have a remarkable ability to use fog as a source of moisture.

A blackbird feeding nestlings in a nest built on top of a rusty rake. A red wooden wall is in the background and a white downspout helps to support the nest.

Timing Mismatch is Resulting in Fewer Birds

Caitlin Dempsey

A study has found that shifts in the timing of spring seasons, linked to climate change, are impacting bird breeding patterns and leading to less offspring.

A satellite image of a wildfire burning across Oregon.

2023 Wildfires in the Western United States

Caitlin Dempsey

So far in early August of 2023, the wildfire season in the western United States has not been as intense as prior years when a years-long drought was raging.

A Burmese python coiled in the grass in the Everglades.

Florida’s Burmese Python Invasion

Marques Hayes

The introduction of the Burmese Python into Florida has resulted in the decline of many native mammals in the Florida Everglades.

Several mountains with lush green bushes and trees.

Chaparral in California

Caitlin Dempsey

Chaparral ecosystems in California are characterized by dense shrubs and rocky terrains and span from maritime zones to mountain slopes.

Three turkey vultures with red heads sitting on the horizontal part of a light pole.

Geography of Vultures in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

The United States is home to three species of vultures: turkey vulture, black vulture, and the California condor.

A shaded relief map of the Central Valley in California showing the location of Tulare Lake.

California’s Wet Winter Brought Back an Ancient Lake

Caitlin Dempsey

The once-vanished Tulare Lake reemerged after an exceptionally wet California winter, reclaiming a portion of its historic expanse in 2023.

A shaded relief map highlighting Alaska and the lower 48 states with the surrounding countries muted with a semitransparent white overlay.

A to Z Geography: United States

Caitlin Dempsey

The geography of the United States is diverse, featuring rugged mountains, arid deserts, dense forests, and expansive coastlines.

Two yellow lilies among weeds in a field.

Geography of Superblooms in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

California's wet winter rains help drive the simultaneous blooming of a large number of wildflowers in the state's desert regions.

Fact sheet with Landsat image for the state of Wisconsin.

A to Z Geography: Wisconsin

Caitlin Dempsey

Wisconsin's geography is dominated by its location in the Great Lakes region, which has created a diverse landscape of fertile farmland, dense forests, and numerous lakes and rivers.

A section of a mountain range with some spots of snow and fir trees in the foreground.

A to Z Geography: Wyoming

Caitlin Dempsey

Wyoming, the 10th largest state in the United States, is a landlocked state located in the western part of the ...