Maps and Cartography

Maps and cartography are essential tools in geography that enable us to visualize and understand the Earth’s surface and its features.

Cartography is the art and science of creating maps, which involves the use of sophisticated technology and techniques to accurately represent the Earth’s physical and cultural features.

Maps provide a visual representation of the world, allowing us to identify patterns, explore spatial relationships, and navigate through unfamiliar terrain.

Destroyed during World War II, the Ebstorf Map was the largest example of a complex Mappa Mundi.

Types of Medieval European Maps

Elizabeth Borneman

From the earliest civilizations onwards people have been drawing the world around them on stones, clay tablets, papyrus, and more. ...

The Geographer by Johannes Vermeer.

The Geographer by Johannes Vermeer: Geography in Fine Art

Elizabeth Borneman

The Geographer was painted by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer in 1669.

Swing base and copy board form Photo-mechanical processes : a practical guide to photo-zincography, photo-lithography, and collotype (1897)

Photozincography: Advances in Cartography

Elizabeth Borneman

Photozincography, or heliozincography, was a revolutionary way of copying photographic negatives onto zinc to be used for map making, outlines, engravings, and the reproduction of images.

Camels Now Part of Google’s Street View Imagery Program

Caitlin Dempsey

Google uses many different ways to capture its growing street level imagery, including using trikes, snowmobiles, and trolleys.  Most recently, ...

The far left map is the original hand-drawn map, which was used to make the two printed version on the right which were used by Napoleon and his army at Waterloo. In the original map, the Mont Saint-Jean farm is situated to the right of the road, while on the printed versions, the farm is shown as being to the left of the road.

Was an Inaccurate Map Partly Responsible for Napoleon’s Waterloo Defeat?

Caitlin Dempsey

A French documentary filmmaker argues that a cartographic mistake played a significant role in Napoleon's army succumbing to defeat by the Duke of Wellington's forces in the Battle of Waterloo.

Map of the North Atlantic Ocean showing gravity anomalies. Marine gravity model of the North Atlantic (10 mGal contours). Red dots show locations of earthquakes with magnitude > 5.5 and they highlight the present-day location of the seafloor spreading ridges and transform faults. This gravity information shows the details of the plate tectonic history of the rifting of these continents including the subtle signatures of fracture zones that are currently buried by sediment.

An Ocean of Mountains

Rebecca Maxwell

With the help of satellite technology, a team of American and European researchers recently announced that they have discovered thousands of new mountains on the ocean floor.

Work on “Inner GPS” in the Brain Wins Nobel Prize in Medicine

Caitlin Dempsey

Over the course of three decades, two separate research efforts helped unwrap the questions of “how does the brain create ...

1862 map from an atlas showing the supposed location of Sandy Island.

The Map Myth of Sandy Island

Rebecca Maxwell

Sandy Island near Australia has long appeared on maps even though it doesn't exist.

Man reading a paper map.

Mind Over Map: How Our Concepts of Reality Affect Map Making and Vice Versa

Rebecca Maxwell

The nature of maps as portrayals of the world mean that they can both represent physical reality but also create it at the same time.

A map of New Netherlands and New England created by Dutch cartographer Willem Blaeu has a west orientation, 1635.

Map Orientation

Caitlin Dempsey

Maps have not always been orientated northward. Different regional and religious forces have influenced the orientation of maps over time.

A mental map of a neighborhood. Source: Caitlin Dempsey.

What are Mental Maps?

Elizabeth Borneman

Mental maps are a personalized view of the world's geography. Mental maps combine a person's objective knowledge of places with their subjective perceptions, or opinions, of locations.

How to Make a Map from a Shapefile Using Google Fusion Tables

Caitlin Dempsey

This tutorial shows you how to make a map in Google Fusion Tables with shapefile data.

How to Make a Map with Excel Data Using Google Fusion Tables

Caitlin Dempsey

This article will take you though a step-by-step example of using an Excel spreadsheet that contains location information to make a map using Google Fusions Table.

This EPOXI mission image shows what an Earth-like exoplanet might look like from afar. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UMD/GSFC

What is Exo-cartography? Mapping the Climate and Surface of Exoplanets

Elizabeth Borneman

Exo-cartography or extrasolar cartography is the science of mapping planets that are outside of Earth’s solar system.

Wilderness.net's interactive map.

Eight Online Maps in Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Wilderness Act

Caitlin Dempsey

In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act, Wilderness50 was launched by a coalition of agencies, organizations, and universities to help elevate wilderness protection.

Mapping out stories about pollutants in California.

Mapping the Impacts of Climate Change in California

Caitlin Dempsey

A group of Stanford students taking a biology class entitled Geographic Impacts of Climate Change: Mapping the Stories have mapped out news and journal articles about climate change in California.

A rectified and warped aerial image taken from a Manhattan Community Planning District publication titled, "Lower East Side, East Village, Chinatown, Two Bridges".

Travel through Time with New York City’s Maps

Rebecca Maxwell

The New York City Public Library introduces an online map warping tool, offering access to over 10,000 historical maps of the city.

Elements of a map

What is a Map?

Elizabeth Borneman

A map is something we’ve all likely held in our hands, scratched our heads over or marked with pushpins to ...

Maps of Israel

Caitlin Dempsey

Printable maps of Israel.  This collection of maps showing the country of Israel include a detailed map showing major cities ...

Help Find Invasive Weeds in Hawaii

Caitlin Dempsey

Tomnod, which previously helped with crowdsourcing the search for the missing Malaysian Airlines flight, has teamed up with the Nature Conservancy ...

A mouse trap with metal springs and a dark wooden board with a semi-folded map instead of cheese.

Map Traps: Intentional Mapping Errors to Combat Plagiarism

Rebecca Maxwell

Mapmakers have been known to create trap streets, which are fictional streets inserted on a map with the intention of fighting plagiarism.

Explore Maps of the United States from 1884 to 2006

Caitlin Dempsey

The U.S. Geological Survey and Esri are working together to make over 178,000 maps of the United States available to the public via an ...

What is a Pole of Inaccessibility?

Caitlin Dempsey

A pole of inaccessibility is a geographical point that represents the most remote place to reach in a given area, often based on distance from the nearest coastline.

Mapping Time: A Detailed Look at Minard’s Flow Map

Caitlin Dempsey

Mapping Time: Illustrated by Minard’s Map of Napoleon’s Russian Campaign of 1812 combines historical and geographic analysis with cartography to examine mapping change over time.

Sunday Maptinee: Map Films from British Pathé

Caitlin Dempsey

British Pathé has released a trove of map and cartography related movies dating back to the 1930s.

Maps Show How Tech Bus Stops Are Affecting San Francisco Evictions

Caitlin Dempsey

The Anti-Eviction Mapping Project has plotted out the incidences of “no-fault” evictions in San Francisco against shuttle stops for technical workers.  Many ...