Physical Geography

Physical geography focuses on geography as an Earth science (and is sometimes called Earth System Science).

Physical geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the natural features and processes of the Earth’s surface. It includes the examination of landforms, climate, vegetation, soils, and water resources. Physical geographers use a range of scientific methods and tools to analyze and understand the complex interactions between the Earth’s physical systems.

Learn about the different branches of geography that fall under the physical geography category: climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, and more.

Animated map showing the spread of the Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) throughout Australia from 1939 to 1980 at five year intervals. Map: Froggydarb, Mediawiki Commons.

Can Using a Waterless Barrier Prevent the Expansion of Invasive Species?

Caitlin Dempsey

In western Australia, researchers have proposed a waterless barrier method to halt the spread of cane toads.

Help Map Out Australia’s Dead Trees

Caitlin Dempsey

By using a GPS-enabled smartphone, volunteers can capture imagery of tree health around Australia to help researchers map out where trees are dying in Australia.

How the Last 160 Years Have Changed the Earth’s Climate

Geo Contributor

Since the Industrial Revolution, this level has been rising continuously, reaching 410ย ppm in 2018.

The First South Atlantic Tropical Storm Since 2010

Caitlin Dempsey

Iba is the first tropical storm to form in the South Atlantic since 2010.

NASA Satellite Captures Image of Meteor Over the Bering Sea

Caitlin Dempsey

On December 18, 2018, ย the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite detected the aftermath of an explosion of a fireball (a very bright meteor) ย 16 miles (26 kilometers)ย over the Bering Sea.

A 514m year old jellyfish โ€“ with tentacles still attached.Fu et al

Fossil Finds Reveal More About the โ€˜Cambrian explosionโ€™ – When Oceans First Developed Complex Life

Geo Contributor

Recent fossil finds in China reveal Cambrian seas were more diverse than thought.

Frozen Lake Trout eggs being weighed for a thiaminase assay. Photo: Diane Nicks, USGS. Public domain.

Is a Vitamin Deficiency Killing Wildlife?

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Researchers believed that thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency is playing a role in declining populations of some wildlife.

Warmer Oceans Will Make Hurricanes More Intense

Geo Contributor

Since hurricanes draw their energy from ocean heat, warmer waters can increase both their intensity and duration.

The characteristic bullโ€™s-eye patterned rash after the bit from a blacklegged tick infected withย Borrelia burgdorferi. Photo: Centers for Disease Control

How Climate Change is Affecting Tick Season

Geo Contributor

As the global climate warms, it is more likely that some ticks will remain active through the warmer winters and can expand their habitats into new areas.

Using Dark Fiber to Measure Seismic Activity

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers wanted to test if unlit fiber cable could be used to collect measurements of seismic activity to fill in spatial gaps in the data.

Review | There is No Planet B: A Handbook for the Make or Break Years

G.T. Dempsey

Mike Berners-Lee presents an โ€˜evidence-based practical guide to the make or break choices we face nowโ€™ in the ย Anthropocene age.

View of Tapajรณs National Forest.

Deforestation Is Drying Up Atmospheric Rivers

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Deforestation has a dramatic impact on climate, reducing evapotranspiration which feed atmospheric rivers.

An ice circle forming in the Pembina River near Neche, North Dakota. Photo: USGS, Region 5: Missouri Basin, Dakota Water Science Center, public domain.

Ice Circles

Elizabeth Borneman

Ice circles are a rare occurrence in rivers, streams, and creeks worldwide.

Using Repeat Photography to Capture Landscape Change

Caitlin Dempsey

By capturing the same view through photography, researchers can study how the landscape is changing over time. ย 

An annotated aerial of a church forest in South Gondar, Ethiopia. Source: Klepeis et al., 2016

Ethiopia’s Church Forests Are Pockets of Biodiversity

Caitlin Dempsey

Also known as coptic forests, church forests range in size from a few acres to 300 hectares and provide a range of spiritual and ecological benefits to the local community. ย 

What’s the Tallest Point in Niger?

Caitlin Dempsey

Located inย northern Niger,ย Mont Idoukal-n-Taghes rises to a summit height ofย 2,022 meters (6,634 feet) above sea level. ย 

Waipฤ Garden in Kauai, Hawaii Now Holds the 24-Hour Precipitation Record for the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

A rainfall gauge located at theย Waipฤ Foundation in Kauai, Hawaii set the record for the most rainfall in a 24-hour period in the United States.

Study Discovers That This Methane Depleting Atmospheric Molecule Can Recycle Itself

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

The hydroxyl radicalโ€™s reactivity has earned it the nickname โ€œair detergentโ€ - because of the way it effectively breaks down other gasses in the atmosphere, especially methane.

Measuring the Neutrino Tomography of Earth

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

In November of 2018, an international team of physicists managed to measure Earthโ€™s mass by using neutrino tomography and the data captured by the South Poleโ€™s IceCube Neutrino Observatory.

Virga. Photo: White Sands National Monument, NPS.

What is Negative Rainfall?

Katarina Samuroviฤ‡

Negative rain(fall) occurs when a particular area experiences more atmospheric evaporation than water downpour over a period of time.

Figure: Gao & Kupfer, 2018

Defining Biogeographic Regions

Geo Contributor

A recent paper published in Applied Geography explored ways to improve the determination of biogeographic regions using clustering techniques.

Water vapor imagery of the eastern Pacific Ocean from the GOES 11 satellite, showing a large atmospheric river aimed across California. Image from United States Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey. (Captured December 20, 2010).

Atmospheric Rivers

Caitlin Dempsey

Atmospheric Rivers are trails of moisture in the atmosphere composed of condensed water vapor.

Tracking the Carbon Cycle in North America: 2018 Report

Mark Altaweel

In November 2018, the United States Carbon Cycle Science Program released a report, entitled Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR-2), about the nature of the carbon cycle in North America, covering Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

Ground Movement in Norway

Caitlin Dempsey

Data from InSAR Norway has helpedย theย ย Geological Survey of Norway learn where there are areas of significant ground movement in both natural and urban areas of Norway. ย 

How Much of the Earth is Covered by Clouds?

Caitlin Dempsey

Exactly how much of the world is covered in clouds?

Using Christmas Trees for Habitat Restoration

Caitlin Dempsey

Upcycling Christmas trees helps to restore fish habitat, restore sand dunes, and supports native marsh grass growth.

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