GIS and Geospatial Technologies

Articles focusing on the application of geographic information systems (GIS), geospatial technologies, remote sensing, LiDAR, and Global Positioning System (GPS). These technologies serve as critical tools for understanding and interacting with our physical environment. GIS allows for the mapping and analysis of spatial data Geospatial technologies refer to the various tools used to measure and analyze Earth’s lands and resources. Remote sensing provides a way to collect data from a distance, often via satellites or high-flying aircraft, and is commonly used for environmental monitoring and military applications.

GIS subcategories :

GIS Career | GIS Data | GIS Industry | GIS Learning | GIS Software | GPS | Remote Sensing | Spatial Analysis

User context, location, and profile interests are integrated with personalized GIS to display adaptive profiles. From: Aoidh et. al, 2009.

Personalized GIS

Mark Altaweel

In personalized GIS, software is being developed to anticipate our needs and provide recommendations based on our behavior, past preferences, and the preferences of others.

Map showing the predicted distribution model of Ashokan edicts on the basis of geology, population, climate and topography.

UCLA Researchers are Using Geospatial Technologies to Identify Potential Ancient Buddhist Sites

Elizabeth Borneman

Archaeologist Monica Smith and geographer Thomas Gillespie identified 121 locations that they hope will reveal some of Ashoka’s edicts using GIS analys

Screenshot of the mapping application from Disappearing West.

New Project Maps the Loss of Natural Spaces in American West

A.J. Rohn

At DisappearingWest.org, you can actively monitor the loss of natural land as the American West continues to be developed with maps, statistics, and explanations for this trend.

Image: Making a Human Body Map -- Pasco Corporation

GIS and Human Anatomy

Mark Altaweel

Mapping and monitoring the human body in real time using GIS is one area of great opportunity for medical and healthcare professionals.

Terrapattern: Search Engine for Satellite Imagery

Caitlin Dempsey

Terrapattern lets users perform "similar-image" searches in unlabeled satellite imagery using deep learning machine vision techniques.

Intertwining views of sightseeing and eating patterns of tourists on the West Coast of New Zealand over 3 days. In spatial ringmap, each ring represents a sub-regional zone ordered from North to South working outwards. Each sector represents one hour starting from zero o’clock of the first day. The spatial ringmap and the inset map display the temporal and the overall volume of sightseeing (colour) and eating (extrusion) activities in the 20 sub-regional zones respectively.

Multi-view GIS

Mark Altaweel

Multi-view GIS provides different perspectives of space and time for a given geographic area.

Screenshot from The Big Board system in action which is a an open-source, web based, real time visual collaborative environment that runs on all modern web browsers and uses open-source web standards developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and WorldWideWeb Consortium (W3C). A control panel on left provides access to standard drawing tools and options to share information.

Real-time Collaborative GIS

Mark Altaweel

Real-time collaborative GIS (RCGIS) enables users, from domain experts to common citizens, to collaborate on given issues and share data easily through a distributed framework.

Seabed surveys in the Canadian Arctic are done using using multi-beam sonar, sweep multi-transducer sweep systems and airborne laser bathymetry systems. Image: Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS).

Why the Canadian Arctic Needs to be Mapped

Elizabeth Borneman

The Canadian Hydrographic Service is in charge of mapping the Canadian Arctic, but they’ve only gotten about 10% of the way through Canada’s Arctic holdings.

Map of global travel times.

4D GIS and Prediction

Mark Altaweel

For the last two decades, GIS technologies have increasingly been used to incorporate not only spatial relationships but also analyzing and visualizing space across time. Spatial-temporal GIS, or 4D GIS, has, in particular, become essential in areas where GIS is needed for predicting dimensions across time.

Figure 1: Interactive desktop and web based dashboard showing trend analysis in months of HIV-AIDS and Malaria preventions and treatment services coverage.

Using an Interactive Web and Desktop Based Spatial Technology to Monitor Performance of Public Health Outcome in Developing Countries

Geo Contributor

FGIS (FHI Geographical Information System) is browser-based interactive data visualization and mapping application that runs on the FHI360 Nigeria intranet, an online resource that serves as a common framework for sharing geographic resources about FHI360 programs in Nigeria.

Query result of GTS spatial data in mongoDB. From: Zhang, Song, & Liu, 2014.

GIS and NoSQL Databases

Mark Altaweel

Relational databases present some limitations to scaling, preventing or limiting the applicability of big data and real-time data problems utilized within GIS. More and more GIS software companies and developers are adopting NoSQL formats where data retrieval is generally faster and easier to structure. NoSQL also facilitates analysis and integration within a variety of tools, which is why open source GIS has proven to be the most useful arena for NoSQL databases.

Extracted events relating to Hurricane Sandy from 50 CNN news reports for the period Oct 24–Nov 04, 2012. From: Wang & Stewart, 2015).

GIS and Natural Language Processing

Mark Altaweel

Within GIS, natural language processing can be utilized for spatial understanding of where events, places, or people may relate to a given phenomenon.

A selection of independent predictors of invasion frequency mapped on the study area of Assyria and surrounding states. From Baudains et al, 2015.

Proportional Hazard Modeling and GIS

Mark Altaweel

By integrating GIS with proportional hazard modeling, we are now beginning to see GIS increasing its analytical modeling repertoire for the sciences that leverage factors of spatial and time to better understand how emergence and evolution of given processes develops, even when uncertainty is persistent for areas of research.

Mapping Soil Moisture in Ethiopia Using Remote Sensing Techniques

Elizabeth Borneman

Remote sensing can be used to assess soil moisture across a region. Learn more about two methods NASA has used to map out soil moisture in Ethiopia.

Screenshot from "How to use GIS data with Repast".

Agent-Based Modeling and GIS

Mark Altaweel

The need to understand emergent phenomenon in a variety of fields has led to not only greater use of agent-based models (ABMs), but we are increasingly seeing tools that integrate GIS with ABMs.

Making Nottingham City Council’s Open Data Available

1Spatial

David A. Eagle, Managing Consultant takes a look at how 1Spatial helped Nottingham City Council harness FME in to streamline the availability of open data to the public, reducing its need to spend staff hours on Freedom of Information Act requests.

Changes in Cambodia from Sentinel-1A readings at 20 m resolution, acquired every 12 days from March 2015 to March 2016. Dark blue represents water surfaces, light blue to magenta represents agriculture (bare soil and cultivated fields), light to dark green represents forests, and white indicates settlements. In particular, the varying shades of magenta indicate rice sowing and transplanting between mid-September and the end of October. Source: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2015–16)/sarmap/RIICE project/OpenStreetMap contributors (background map).

Using Remote Sensing to Map Rice Paddy Drop in the Mekong Delta

Elizabeth Borneman

Satellites including Europe’s Sentinel-1A can now track the rise and fall of different agricultural products around the world. The satellite’s imagery showed that rice production in the Mekong Delta has decreased in the past year.

The GEOINT career trail from academics to expertise

Making a Career in Geointelligence

Sangeeta Deogawanka

Sangeeta Deogawanka talks about building a career in Geointelligence, covering areas like security, intelligence, policy analysis, and first response.

Isodistance and Isochrone Maps

Caitlin Dempsey

Isodistance measures routes of equal time and isochrone measures routes of equal travel times although both are typically represented as bands of polygons.

Fig 1: An Inverse Distance Weightage model of the Dissolved Oxygen at 1m depth in Aliyar reservoir and tirumoorthy reservoir in India

Mapping of Apparent Fish Available Zones in Indian Reservoirs

Geo Contributor

This study by Thankam Theresa Paul, Sandhya KM, Manoharan SM and Usha U takes a look at the spatial relationship between physico-chemical variables and fish production using inverse distance weighting.

New Earthquake Maps from the USGS Also Factor Human Activity Induced Causes

Elizabeth Borneman

The United States Geological Survey has created a new map that highlights where natural and man-made earthquakes could cause damage around the country.

Thematic Mapping with MapInfo and Excel

Geo Contributor

This tutorial by Nick Williams, a MapInfo trainer at Acuity Training, aims to provide an example of how data analysis and cleansing using Excel can be combined with presentation and mapping using MapInfo.

Is Sexism a Problem in GIS?

Caitlin Dempsey

This article takes a look the state of sexism in GIS and reports how those working in the field have spoken about how sexism has impacted them.

Elevation models show the SS Sansip (left) and the SS Samvurn (right) as imaged by a multibeam echosounder. Both of these ships leave sediment plumes detectable by Landsat 8 during ebb and flood tides. Source: Matthias Baeye et al

Using Landsat Imagery to Find Shipwrecks

Elizabeth Borneman

Satellite imagery from Landsat 8 has been used by a Belgian marine research institute to detect shallow water shipwrecks. Satellite imagery from Landsat 8 can detect the concentration of sand and silt particles in the ocean, which can then be used to pinpoint a potential shipwreck location.

The examples on the left are the query photos. In response, PlaNet will output a probability distribution on the map. In these three examples, the Eiffel Tower (a) is confidently assigned to Paris, the model believes that the fjord photo (b) could have been taken in either New Zealand or Norway. For the beach photo (c), PlaNet assigns the highest probability to southern California (correct), but some probability mass is also assigned to places with similar beaches, like Mexico and the Mediterranean. The authors use a model with a much lower spatial resolution than the full model for visualization purposes. Source: Weyand, Kostrikov, & Philbin, 2016.

Google’s PlaNet: Geolocating Photos Using Artificial Intelligence

A.J. Rohn

Google and researchers at the Rheinisch­Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University have developed an artificial intelligence system capable of identifying locations more consistently accurately than a human is able to do.

Average national salaries for different GIS positions. Source: Indeed.com, March 2016.

A Look at GIS Salaries

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn about the average GIS salaries for GIS technicians, analysts, developers, and more.