Caitlin Dempsey

Caitlin Dempsey is a geographer, writer, and founder and editor of Geography Realm. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Geography from UCLA and a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from San José State University.

For more than two decades, she has written about geography, maps, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite imagery, and environmental science. Her work focuses on making geography accessible to a broad audience through articles, tutorials, and educational resources.

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R Packages for Spatial Analysis

Caitlin Dempsey

Looking for R spatial packages? Listed here is a brief look some of the spatial packages in R that are available.

Animated gif showing sea surface temperature patterns across the Pacific Ocean with colder waters in blue and warmer waters in orange and red.

El Niño Has Arrived

Caitlin Dempsey

After a triple dip of La Niña conditions spanning three years, researchers have officially declared the onset of El Niño on June 8, 2023.

Grayscale map of the world with a question mark inside of a magnifying glass.

Where Should You Ask Your GIS Questions?

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are some excellent resources for you to get peer assistance for your GIS related questions.

A tree burning in the North wildfire in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks in 2004.

Causes of Wildfires in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Every year, thousands of wildfires rage across the United States, consuming millions of acres.

Annotated satellite image showing a coastal low and wildfire smoke over the northeastern part of the United States.

Wildfire Smoke From Canada is Affecting Parts of the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Smoke from the June 2023 Canadian wildfires is affecting the Midwest and northern regions of the United States.

Several mountains with lush green bushes and trees.

Chaparral in California

Caitlin Dempsey

Chaparral ecosystems in California are characterized by dense shrubs and rocky terrains and span from maritime zones to mountain slopes.

Coastal wetlands at Parker River National Wildlife Refuge in Massachusetts. Photo: Kelly Fike/USFWS

Blue Carbon Explained

Caitlin Dempsey

Blue carbon is the carbon captured and stored by the world's oceanic and coastal ecosystems.

An image that says "GIS certification" in black letters with a trophy that is tipped over with gold stars spilling out the top with a light blue background.

Certification in GIS

Caitlin Dempsey

GIS certification is a professional credential that validates an individual's proficiency in using and understanding geographic information systems.

Three turkey vultures with red heads sitting on the horizontal part of a light pole.

Geography of Vultures in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Discover where turkey vultures, black vultures, and California condors live across the United States and what shapes their distribution.

A screenshot of a map showing the results of a location allocation analysis in ArcGIS Pro.

Basic Uses of GIS

Caitlin Dempsey

What are the basic uses of GIS? This article reviews some of the most common and basic users of GIS including mapping data, proximity analysis, buffers, cluster mapping, and querying a geographic area for features.

A view of chaparral bushes with a bare zone in front of them and grassland in the foreground.

Scurry Zones Around California Shrubs

Caitlin Dempsey

Scurry zones are areas of low-lying vegetation that form a ring about some shrubs in Northern California near grasslands.

Location in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Map: Wikipedia.

Examples of Absolute and Relative Location

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are some examples of the same location described as a relative location and an absolute location.

A view of the Americas from a satellite image.

How the Earth’s Terminator Changes With the Seasons

Caitlin Dempsey

The Earth's terminator is the shifting boundary dividing day and night as a result of our planet's rotation and its position relative to the Sun.

Free Ways to Learn QGIS

Caitlin Dempsey

If you want to start learning how to use QGIS, a free and open source GIS software package, there are some excellent free resources out there. 

The top satellite image shows the snowpack in the Sierras in California in 2022. The bottom satellite image shows the snowpack in the Sierras in 2023.

Snowmelt is Starting in California’s Sierra Nevada Mountains

Caitlin Dempsey

Due to colder weather and more strong atmospheric rivers, the 2023 Sierra Nevada snowpack levels in California are significantly above average.

Laptop with QGIS, a desktop GIS software program

Networking in GIS: Peer-to-Peer Support in the GIS Community

Caitlin Dempsey

List of peer-to-peer resources that GIS professionals can tap into for assistance with their technical queries and to connect with others in the field.

Painted lady butterfly with wings spread while feeding on a clover flower at Bear Creek Redwoods Open Space Preserve, California.

Painted Lady Butterflies Have the World’s Longest Known Migration

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn how painted lady butterflies complete the world's longest known butterfly migration, traveling up to 9,000 miles between Europe and Africa.

A gray shaded relief map with a rainbow categorization showing the densities of sargassum in the Atlantic Ocean.

Sargassum in the Atlantic Ocean Reaches a New Spring High

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers using remote sensing data from NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites have measured the largest ever March density in the Great Sargassum Belt.

A shaded relief map of the Central Valley in California showing the location of Tulare Lake.

How California’s Ancient Tulare Lake Reappears

Caitlin Dempsey

Tulare Lake used to be the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi.

Map showing the standard time zones for the entire world. PDF with a higher resolution. Map: CIA, 2018, public domain.

Which Country Has the Most Time Zones?

Caitlin Dempsey

Find out which country has the most time zones and how many countries in the world have at least two time zones.

Laptop with QGIS, a desktop GIS software program

Learn GIS for Free

Caitlin Dempsey

There are a few online options to learn GIS for free. Take advantage of resources that provide you access to free courses from some of the world's best universities and institutions.

QGIS on a laptop. Image: Caitlin Dempsey

How to Learn GIS

Caitlin Dempsey

There are many ways to learn GIS. Listed here are guides to learn GIS in a classroom, online, or through self-guided methods.

Finding the Right GIS Program

Caitlin Dempsey

Choosing the right GIS educational program to set you on the right path towards a GIS career, so be sure to consider all your options before making a decision.

Map showing the Indian Ocean, Oman Sea, and the Red Sea. Map: Epmistes, MediaWiki Commons.

What is the Difference Between a Sea and an Ocean?

Caitlin Dempsey

A look at the geographic definitions of oceans and seas.

Badwater Basin, Death Valley National Park. Photo: NPS, public domain.

Why Salt Flats Have a Honeycomb Pattern

Caitlin Dempsey

Recently published research explains the scientific reason behind the honeycomb shapes found in salt flats.

Side by side maps showing a UTM file with zones and rows and a UTM grid file with just the zones.

Dissolve Features Based on Attribute in QGIS

Caitlin Dempsey

This GIS tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on how to dissolve features in QGIS based on an attribute field.