Caitlin Dempsey

Caitlin Dempsey is a geographer, writer, and founder and editor of Geography Realm. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Geography from UCLA and a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from San José State University.

For more than two decades, she has written about geography, maps, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite imagery, and environmental science. Her work focuses on making geography accessible to a broad audience through articles, tutorials, and educational resources.

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A cropped view of a map with a north arrow in bold black with the letter "N" on top of it. A section of Texas and Louisiana can be seen at the top of the image.

Should Maps Include a North Arrow? Exploring the Debate

Caitlin Dempsey

Do all maps need a north arrow?

Shaded relief map of the Florida and Central America area showing gulfs and seas.

Geography Definitions Related to Water

Caitlin Dempsey

Listed here are geography terms related to water bodies such as lakes, rivers, and oceans.

Open Source GIS and Freeware GIS Applications

Caitlin Dempsey

There are many open source GIS and web mapping applications to choose from.

Map of GIS Job Listings in the US

Heat Maps in GIS

Caitlin Dempsey

Heat mapping, from a GIS perspective, is a method of showing the geographic clustering of a phenomenon.

What is the Difference Between GIS and Geospatial?

Caitlin Dempsey

There are differences in what the terms GIS and geospatial mean.

Free GIS Books

Caitlin Dempsey

Most of these free GIS books are available in downloadable PDF format and can be read from a computer or on an eBook reader.  

Map showing the six New England states in red and the red of the states in grey for the continental United States.

Which States are Part of New England?

Caitlin Dempsey

New England is a geographic region in the northeastern tip of the United States that contains six states.

The Map Myth of Here Be Dragons: The Facts and Fictions of Mapmakers

Caitlin Dempsey

What lies at the edge of the known world? Cartographers over the ages have used different ways of showing the unknown.

Planisphere Celeste Meridionale, 1705

Notable Cartographers and Their Maps

Caitlin Dempsey

Notable cartographers have shaped our understanding of the world with their maps, offering remarkable contributions throughout history.

Satellite image of Northern Europe at night.

Earth at Night

Caitlin Dempsey

Nighttime lighting is when the effect of humans on the environment is especially pronounced.

Map showing the Isthmus of Panama with the land areas in yellow and the ocean in blue.

Visual Geography: the Shape of Land Near the Oceans

Caitlin Dempsey

A visual dictionary of geography words that describe the shapes of land near ocean water.

Side by side comparison of screenshots of a data layer with a simple red outline and black labels as seen in ArcGIS Online and QGIS.

How to Add Data from ArcGIS Online to QGIS

Caitlin Dempsey

Adding data from an ArGIS Online Map Service or Feature Service into a QGIS map project is fairly easy and quick in most instances.

Natural color Landsat scene showing a brown landscape covered by small clouds that dot the landscape.

Landsat: Longest Running Earth Imagery Program

Caitlin Dempsey

With satellites in orbit since 1972, the Landsat program is the longest running Earth observation program.

Gray clouds hang in the sky over vegetation dotting the surface of the dune field. Bits of pink clouds appear below the gray and a hint of a rainbow appears in the sky.

Biogeography Definitions

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are some common terms in biogeography, a field of geography that studies the distribution of species.

A Roundup of Geospatial Podcasts

Caitlin Dempsey

Here's a list of GIS / geospatial podcasts you can listen to.

Shaded relief map showing the location of the Lena Delta above the Arctic Circle.

The Largest Delta in the Arctic

Caitlin Dempsey

The Lena Delta is a significant wildlife refuge and the largest delta in the Arctic.

To understand where north, south, east, and west are, first point your left arm towards the sun in the morning.

Understanding Direction Based on the Sun

Caitlin Dempsey

This lesson plan introduces the concept of direction to young children by using the location of the Sun in order to understand where east, west, north, and south are located.

Simple map with grey areas for countries and light blue for oceans showing the location with large dark blue triangles that are labeled with the names of tidefalls.

Waterfalls That Flow Into the Open Ocean

Caitlin Dempsey

Waterfalls that flow directly into the ocean are known as tidefalls, a rare natural phenomenon where freshwater meets the sea.

Shaded relief map over the Pacific Ocean showing changes to ocean temperature due to La Niña.

Triple Dip La Niña Event

Caitlin Dempsey

Current predictions have given La Niña a strong probability of persisting into 2023, making it a triple dip event.

A wild turkey stands in the dried grass in front of a green bush.

Where are Wild Turkeys in California From?

Caitlin Dempsey

The wild turkeys that roam California were originally introduced from Texas.

A replica of the Matterhorn mountain behind an alpine inspired building in Disneyland.

Geography Trivia About Disneyland

Caitlin Dempsey

Disneyland has some fascinating geography trivia.

A map with text showing the four quadrants of the globe that are north or south of the Equator and East or West of the Prime Meridian.

Geographic Coordinate Systems

Caitlin Dempsey

Geographic coordinates are defined as being north or south of the Equator and east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Screenshot showing a CSV file with information about mean centers of population in the US. A shaded relief map is being the text file.

How to Add Latitude and Longitude as a CSV File in QGIS

Caitlin Dempsey

This quick QGIS tutorial takes you through the steps of how to add a CSV file with latitude and longitude coordinates.

Shaded relief map with yellows and greens to show the change with every US Census for the mean center of population which is shown as red dots.

Population Center of the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Every ten years, the U.S. Census Bureau maps out the mean and median population centers in the United States.

A blackbird feeding nestlings in a nest built on top of a rusty rake. A red wooden wall is in the background and a white downspout helps to support the nest.

Synanthropes at a Horse Stable in Northern California

Caitlin Dempsey

Synanthropes are wildlife that benefit from living near humans.

A map with natural shaded relief of the United States with neighboring countries shown with a muted white overlay.

Continental vs. Contiguous United States: Key Differences Explained

Caitlin Dempsey

Continental and contiguous are two geographical words used to describe parts of the United States.