Caitlin Dempsey

Caitlin Dempsey is a geographer, writer, and founder and editor of Geography Realm. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Geography from UCLA and a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from San José State University.

For more than two decades, she has written about geography, maps, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite imagery, and environmental science. Her work focuses on making geography accessible to a broad audience through articles, tutorials, and educational resources.

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A group of Canada geese swimming in the water. The sun is shining and some vegetation can be seen.

Canada Geese Migrate Less from Urban Areas

Caitlin Dempsey

With the expansion of urbanization, more Canada geese are becoming year round residents instead of migratory.

QGIS on a laptop. Image: Caitlin Dempsey

GIS Reference Books and Materials

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are some books and GIS reference resources that are valuable for both the novice and seasoned GIS user.

Satellite image showing ship track clouds over the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Portugal.

How Ships Create Clouds Over the Oceans

Caitlin Dempsey

Ships can create a trail of clouds as they travel over the world's oceans.

World map showing where hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones originate from (in orange).

Tropical Cyclones: Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones

Caitlin Dempsey

Depending on where the storm system develops, it will be called a hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone.

Fact sheet with Landsat image for the state of Rhode Island.

Geography Facts: Rhode Island

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn geography trivia about the smallest state in the United States.

A rainbow cloud with blue sky beneath and wispy clouds above.

Circumhorizontal Arc: Rainbow in the Clouds

Caitlin Dempsey

When conditions are just right, clouds can act like prisms, turning the rays of the sun into a brilliant color show.

map-central-valley

Cartographic Resources

Caitlin Dempsey

Discover effective spatial data display and map design. Access resources on color representation, map layout, and showcasing geospatial information.

Satellite image of wildfires burning in New Mexico in May 2022. Smoke can be see flowing from the site of three wildfires near Santa Fe.

Early Wildfires in New Mexico

Caitlin Dempsey

Wildfires in New Mexico are are starting earlier each year due to warmer and drier conditions.

A simple map of the world showing the continents in gray and oceans in blue.

Geography Facts About the Atlantic Ocean

Caitlin Dempsey

The Atlantic Ocean, named after the Greek god Atlas, is the second-largest ocean in the world.

GIS Job Definitions

Caitlin Dempsey

What are the different types of geospatial job listings out there?  Listed here is the list of different GIS, which ...

A small brown bird with light brown chest and white stripes above the eyebrow standing in a white platform.

Bewick’s Wren

Caitlin Dempsey

The Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) is a small songbird native to North America.

A lidar image of Washington DC show elevations of the buildings and streets.

Lidar Explained

Caitlin Dempsey

Lidar is a technology developed to map the elevation of features on and below the surface of the Earth.

What is a GeoTIFF?

Caitlin Dempsey

A GeoTIFF is a public domain metadata standard which has the georeferencing information embedded within the image file.

A black and white dot map of all the centers of ZIP codes in the continental United States.

ZIP Codes in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

It’s likely that if you routinely send mail to a location within the United States, you know how critical it ...

Screenshot showing how to import an Esri layer package into QGIS from Finder.

How to Import an Esri Layer Package in QGIS

Caitlin Dempsey

While QGIS cannot directly read an Esri layer package, there is a simple technique to unpack the file and import it into this GIS software.

California poppy (Eschscholzia californica). Photo: Caitlin Dempsey.

Endemic, Native, Non-native, and Invasive Species

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn what the terms endemic, native, non-native, or invasive mean for animals and plants.

Low lying clouds over a forest.

Study: Afforestation Can Lead to More Cloud Cover

Caitlin Dempsey

Increased forest cover can lead to more low lying clouds which helps to cool the Earth.

A colored woodcut map from 1550 of the Western Hemisphere.

First Maps

Caitlin Dempsey

These maps are the earliest known representations of a particular geography, name, or geographical phenomenon.

A choropleth map showing states in light orange that are single landlocked, medium orange that are double landlocked, and dark orange that are triple landlocked.

Which U.S. States are Landlocked?

Caitlin Dempsey

There are 27 states in the United States that are single, double, or triple landlocked.

A Photochrom print of an isle in the Atlantic Ocean taken in 1905.

Curling Stones Come from Two Quarries in the World

Caitlin Dempsey

Almost all of the granite harvested to create curling stones comes from a small isle off the coast of mainland Scotland.

Satellite image of a half frozen lake in the shape of a heart.

Hearts on Earth

Caitlin Dempsey

Geographers have a spatial way to celebrate Valentine's Day with these natural heart-shaped land features.

A simply diagram showing the location of three populations with red dots. The background is light gray with a blue line for river and green shaded areas for parks.

Distance Decay in Geography

Caitlin Dempsey

Distance decay between two groups of people gives rise to things like languages and regional customs, and distance decay across biomes contributes to the earth's natural diversity.

Gray scale map of the world with a question mark inside a magnifying glass.

Test Your Knowledge of World Geography with these Online Games

Caitlin Dempsey

Geoguesser is an online game that uses images from Google Street View to display a small section of the world.

A view from the International Space Station showing frozen glacial lakes in the Tibetan Plateau.

Largest Plateau in the World

Caitlin Dempsey

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is the world's largest plateau.

A view of the Arctic Ocean and sky. Sea ice is floating on top of the ocean.

Arctic Circle

Caitlin Dempsey

The Arctic Circle is a circle of latitude encompassing the northernmost pole of the Earth and is located at approximately 66°33′45.6″ north of the Equator.

How Big Was the Tonga Volcanic Eruption?

Caitlin Dempsey

Tonga was rocked by an undersea volcano eruption on January 15, 2022, which sent shockwaves throughout the planet.