Caitlin Dempsey

Caitlin Dempsey is a geographer, writer, and founder and editor of Geography Realm. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Geography from UCLA and a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from San José State University.

For more than two decades, she has written about geography, maps, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite imagery, and environmental science. Her work focuses on making geography accessible to a broad audience through articles, tutorials, and educational resources.

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A girl with a white sweatshirt and black leggings dances in the shallow water of the beach by the ocean. Her back is to the camera and the sun is shining with a clear blue sky.

Oceans Produce Half of the World’s Oxygen

Caitlin Dempsey

The oceans produce over half of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, making them a vital source of oxygen for life on our planet.

A shaded relief map highlighting Alaska and the lower 48 states with the surrounding countries muted with a semitransparent white overlay.

A to Z Geography: United States

Caitlin Dempsey

The geography of the United States is diverse, featuring rugged mountains, arid deserts, dense forests, and expansive coastlines.

Laptop with QGIS, a desktop GIS software program

How to Find Internships in GIS

Caitlin Dempsey

Tips for finding a GIS internship: check job boards and internship websites, reach out to local employers, attend career fairs and events, and network.

A vegetation map of the northwest corner of Wyoming with mostly medium and light green.

United States Cropland Data

Caitlin Dempsey

The Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a GIS dataset that the USDA updates annually to map the crops grown across the United States.

Fact sheet with Landsat image for the state of Wisconsin.

A to Z Geography: Wisconsin

Caitlin Dempsey

Wisconsin's geography is dominated by its location in the Great Lakes region, which has created a diverse landscape of fertile farmland, dense forests, and numerous lakes and rivers.

A section of a mountain range with some spots of snow and fir trees in the foreground.

A to Z Geography: Wyoming

Caitlin Dempsey

Wyoming, the 10th largest state in the United States, is a landlocked state located in the western part of the ...

Half of the Earth shown in a map.

A Guide to Understanding Map Projections

Caitlin Dempsey

Map projections are techniques used to transform the Earth's three-dimensional surface onto a two-dimensional plane, inevitably introducing some distortion in area, shape, distance, direction, or scale.

A satellite image of a glacier in the Antarctic.

Glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula are Moving Faster During the Summers

Caitlin Dempsey

Antarctic Peninsula glaciers are speeding up: Analysis of 10,000+ satellite images from 2014-2021 shows increased seasonal velocity in 105 glaciers.

A satellite image taken in February 2021 that shows much of the Great Lakes area covered in ice.

Changes in Ice Cover on the Great Lakes

Caitlin Dempsey

Ice cover on the Great Lakes varies annually depending on factors such as air temperature, wind, and lake depth.

A satellite image showing snow, blue ice, and rocks in Antarctica.

Why are Most Meteorites Found in Antarctica?

Caitlin Dempsey

More meteorites have been found in Antarctica than all other continents combined. Why is that?

A satellite image showing the location of a bridge between Sweden and Denmark across dark blue water with an island in the middle of the strait.

Europe’s Longest Road and Railway Bridge

Caitlin Dempsey

The Øresund Bridge connects Denmark and Sweden, spanning the Øresund Strait with a 16-kilometer-long bridge-tunnel.

A shaded relief map of the contiguous United Stated with medium grey lines showing UTM zones.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinate System

Caitlin Dempsey

UTM is a precise, grid-based coordinate system ideal for regional mapping and navigation, utilizing 60 zones to minimize distortion.

Screenshot showing the mapping of the real-time location of the International Space Station.

Real-time Satellite Tracking

Caitlin Dempsey

N2YO.com is an online service that offers satellite tracking and information in real-time.

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image of the Caspian Sea on June 4, 2010

What is a Closed Lake?

Caitlin Dempsey

Closed lakes are bodies of water that do not drain into an ocean or river.

Laptop with QGIS, a desktop GIS software program

GIS 101: Learn About GIS

Caitlin Dempsey

This GIS 101 page is the launch page for accessing information about GIS and geospatial technologies on GIS Lounge.

19th century panoramic map of St. Louis.

Type of Map Perspective: Bird’s Eye

Caitlin Dempsey

Bird's-eye maps are created from an elevated perspective, showing an area as seen from above.

A to Z Geography: Alabama

Caitlin Dempsey

Here is an alphabetical list of words that relate to Alabama and its geography.

A bee looking for pollen inside the flower of a lavender plant.

Geography of Bees

Caitlin Dempsey

Bees, crucial pollinators, inhabit every continent except Antarctica. With over 20,000 species, they face threats from climate change and habitat loss.

Fog settles over a forest.

Wonderful Words to Describe How We Experience Geography

Caitlin Dempsey

There are some unique words to describe some of how we experience the world around us.

Women in GIS Networking Groups

Caitlin Dempsey

Web sites with information specifically regarding peer support for women in GIS.

A satellite image with labels for places over Mexico and Texas showing a dust storm.

Haboobs in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Haboobs, also known as convectively-driven dust storms, are intense, large-scale dust storms that occur in arid regions in the United States.

A view of Mauna Loa from Mauna Kea. Photo: USGS, public domain.

Geography Facts About the World’s Largest Active Volcano

Caitlin Dempsey

Hawaii's Mauna Loa is the world's largest subaerial volcano as well as the world's largest active volcano.

A satellite image showing snow covering areas of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York just south of Lake Erie.

Lake Effect Snow

Caitlin Dempsey

Lake effect snow can occur when dry, cold air moves across a vast lake with warm waters, resulting in a snowfall event.

Two images showing the front and back of a map rolled out from a walking cane with a silver handle.

Walking Cane Maps

Caitlin Dempsey

Walking cane maps, first created in 1893, featured retractable maps in cane handles. These souvenirs combined practicality with novelty.

A black and white photo showing a park range, a white man in a white shirt, and a young girl wearing light color top and shorts in front of mountains and a prairie.

Triple Divides in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

A triple divide is a point on Earth where water from that location can potentially travel into three different watersheds.

A map of the United States with the location of dams shown as small orange circles. The surrounding ocean is light blue.

Dams in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

There are dams in all 50 U.S. states and over 91,000 dams in all.