Caitlin Dempsey

Caitlin Dempsey is a geographer, writer, and founder and editor of Geography Realm. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Geography from UCLA and a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from San José State University.

For more than two decades, she has written about geography, maps, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite imagery, and environmental science. Her work focuses on making geography accessible to a broad audience through articles, tutorials, and educational resources.

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QGIS on a laptop. Image: Caitlin Dempsey

Building a GIS Career

Caitlin Dempsey

Geospatial technology is widely used across industries, with evolving GIS skills. Here are tips to prepare for a GIS career.

Photo of the Espada Acequia in San Antonio, Texas.

Acequias in the Southwest U.S.

Caitlin Dempsey

In New Mexico and other Southwestern states, acequias are channels that are dug to divert water from snow runoff and rivers in order to irrigate fields.

Shaded relief map of the world showing the five major lines of latitude.

Latitude and Longitude Explained: How to Read Geographic Coordinates

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn more about lines you see on a map running east-west and north-south called latitude and longitude.

When Rivers Become Ice Roads

Caitlin Dempsey

During the cold winter months, parts of Canada's Mackenzie River become a ice road that trucks up to 22,000 pounds can navigate.

A view across forest covered mountains with a band of fog stretching just below the peak of the far mountain.

Will Cool Air Pooling Protect Some Forests from Climate Change?

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers looked at the link between cool air pooling and cold-adapted forest composition.

A group of people watching a presentation with a map on a screen.

5 Ways GIS Users Can Broaden Their Geospatial Skills

Caitlin Dempsey

From programming and remote sensing to volunteering and networking, there are many ways to build new geospatial skills.

Photo taken at an oblique angle from the International Space Station showing Sutter Buttes.

The World’s Smallest Mountain Range

Caitlin Dempsey

Surrounded by flat farmland, the Sutter Buttes are an isolated volcanic landform often described as the world's smallest mountain range.

Learning GIS Programming

Caitlin Dempsey

Having some competence in programming has become a critical requirement for many geospatial positions. So which languages should you learn for GIS programming?

A map showing in orange the range of steller's jay and in blue the range of blue jay over a gray shaded relief map of the United States.

This Bird is Not the Only Crested Jay West of the Rocky Mountains

Caitlin Dempsey

Since the 1960s, blue jays have steadily expanded their range beyond the Rocky Mountains into western North America.

Choosing the Right Satellite Bands for Remote Sensing

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn how different satellite sensors respond to Earth's features and which spectral bands are best for remote sensing.

A diagram showing how data inputed into UniTS can then be used to create analysis.

Adapting Time Series Data for Earth Observation

Caitlin Dempsey

UniTS is a tool designed to simplify the process of using multiple time series datasets created over different time periods and for different geographic resolutions.

Is this a ridge or a canyon? Relief inversion plays tricks on the brain with this image of the Colorado River in Arizona. Photo: NASA

Relief Inversion

Caitlin Dempsey

Telling the difference between a canyon and a mountain on aerial or satellite imagery can sometimes be tricky due to an optical illusion known as relief inversion.

Maps showing age of forest stands (left) and estimate tree canopy heights (right).

Measuring Tree Height with a Pair of Satellites

Caitlin Dempsey

Using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from two satellites, researchers developed a method for estimating tree canopy height.

Two maps - the top has a deep blue to deep red raster temperature layer for an area in South Africa and the bottom has deep blue to deep red dots to represent individual elephant locations with temperature sensors.

Using Animals to Collect Weather Data

Caitlin Dempsey

Attaching sensors to wildlife could give scientists fine-scale weather data from the habitats animals move through.

A view of a surge flow on a creek with sand dunes and mountains in the background.

Surge Flows: A Rare River Phenomenon

Caitlin Dempsey

Surge flows are a rare phenomenon where shallow waters, sand or sediment, and steep topography combine to create waves in rivers.

Three side-by-side satellite images showing the emergence of an ephemeral lake in Badwater Basin.

North America’s Lowest Point on Land is Currently a Lake

Caitlin Dempsey

Two recent heavy rainfall events have filled Badwater Basin, the lowest point in North America on land, up with water.

A clipped view of the north eastern coast area of the United States showing hex bins with blue gradient.

Using QGIS to Create a Hexbin Map

Caitlin Dempsey

It is fairly easy to create a hexbin map using QGIS by following this GIS tutorial.

A dark photo taken at night showing lightning and a purple sky around the lightning.

Geography of Lightning Strikes in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers recently mapped out data from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) between 2017 and 2022 to see where lightning strikes the most across the contiguous United States.

A Monarch butterfly on a milkweed plant.

Overwintering Monarch Butterfly Populations

Caitlin Dempsey

The latest counts of overwintering monarch butterflies in California and Mexico.

A photograph from 1911 showing how a car navigation device was written to the gears in order to track mileage.

Before There was GPS: Personal Navigation in the Early 20th Century

Caitlin Dempsey

Here are a few creative ways inventors tried to make driving directions easier before there was GPS.

Screenshot showing a view of a geotagged photo in QGIS.

Mapping Geotagged Photos in QGIS

Caitlin Dempsey

Geotagged photos can be easily mapped out in QGIS by following this GIS tutorial.

A silhouette of an ibex at sunset with the horns showing.

Why Climate Change is Making Some Animals More Nocturnal

Caitlin Dempsey

As daytime temperatures rise, some animals are becoming more active at night to avoid heat stress.

Satellite imagery of an atoll.

Geography of Atolls

Caitlin Dempsey

Atolls are ring-shaped coral reefs, islands, or a series of islets that encircle a lagoon either partially or completely.

World map created in 1514 by Oronce Fine (1494–1555) who was one of the first French scholars to work with cartography.

Cordiform: Heart-Shaped Map Projections

Caitlin Dempsey

Heart shaped map projections are known as cordiform map projections which is derived from the Latin "cor" for heart and form for shape.

A satellite image of a storm along the east coast of the United States.

Nor’easter Storms in the United States

Caitlin Dempsey

Nor'easters are powerful storms that bring heavy snowfall to the East Coast of the United States, primarily between September and April.

Photo of a mountain lion walking on a rock.

Using GIS to Map an Individual Animal’s Home Range

Caitlin Dempsey

GIS can be used to model animal home ranges using location data collected through radio telemetry and GPS tracking.