Caitlin Dempsey

Caitlin Dempsey is the editor of Geography Realm and holds a master's degree in Geography from UCLA as well as a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from SJSU.
An annotated satellite image of a white icy area.

Understanding Fast Ice in Polar Ecosystems and Climate Dynamics

Caitlin Dempsey

Fast ice, found in both polar regions, is sea ice that attaches to coasts, icebergs, ice shelves, or the ocean floor.

View of the Manu'a Islands with the volcanic islands of Ofu and Olosega (background), and Ta'u (foreground). Image, NPS, public domain

A Guide to the Geography of U.S. National Parks

Caitlin Dempsey

Find out the answers to geography trivia questions and more in this article about the geography of U.S. National Parks.

A symbols map using the height of cones in blue to show the number of annual visitors to each U.S. national park. The outline of the U.S. states is in gray.

Explore U.S. National Parks: Fun Map and Geography Trivia

Caitlin Dempsey

This interactive map lets you browse interesting geographical facts and trivia about the 61 U.S. national parks.

A diagram with numbered labels for all the areas of a map layout.

What’s in a Map? Exploring the Elements of Cartography

Caitlin Dempsey

Maps visualize geographic data, and contain elements like data frames, legends, titles, north arrows, scale bars, citations, borders, and inset maps.

A rocky outcrop of a mountain completely surrounded by glaciers.

Nunataks: Glacial Islands

Caitlin Dempsey

Nunataks are isolated mountain peaks visible above ice sheets in polar and high-altitude regions.

An underwater view of staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) on the sandy floor of the ocean.

Study Models How Well Marine Protected Areas Overlap Fish Habitat

Caitlin Dempsey

A study found that most marine protected areas (MPAs) don't adequately cover key habitats of diadromous fish with only 50% of core habitats protected.

A colored map showing major and minor tectonic plates on Earth.

Understanding the Earth’s Structure: A Guide to Tectonic Plates

Caitlin Dempsey

The Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates, which are in constant motion. Learn where to find GIS data on tectonic plates.

In March the ice arch starting to disintegrate. By April, satellite imagery was showing the crumbling of the ice pack behind the ice arch. By May, sea ice was flowing freely through Nares Strait. Images: NASA.

What is an Ice Arch?

Caitlin Dempsey

An ice arch forms when sea ice buckles under pressure, creating a natural arch-shaped structure in polar regions, often blocking the movement of ice.

A polynya that has formed in an embayment where the Venable Ice Shelf meets Farwell Island in Antartica. Photo: John Sonntag/NASA, public domain.

Polynyas: Natural Openings in Polar Ice

Caitlin Dempsey

Explore the geography of polynyas, unique open water areas in polar ice, and learn about their formation, ecological impact, and role in climate dynamics.

Shaded relief globe centered on Europe and Africa showing where the Prime Meridian and Equator cross in bold white lines.

What is at Zero Degrees Latitude and Zero Degrees Longitude?

Caitlin Dempsey

What can be found at zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude?

A map showing in orange the range of steller's jay and in blue the range of blue jay over a gray shaded relief map of the United States.

Types of GIS Data Explored: Vector and Raster

Caitlin Dempsey

Explore the key differences between GIS vector and raster data, and how each type supports diverse spatial analysis tasks.

QGIS on a laptop. Image: Caitlin Dempsey

Building a GIS Career

Caitlin Dempsey

Geospatial technology is widely used across industries, with evolving GIS skills. Here are tips to prepare for a GIS career.

Photo of the Espada Acequia in San Antonio, Texas.

Acequias in the Southwest U.S.

Caitlin Dempsey

In New Mexico and other Southwestern states, acequias are channels that are dug to divert water from snow runoff and rivers in order to irrigate fields.

Shaded relief map of the world showing the five major lines of latitude.

Latitude and Longitude Explained: How to Read Geographic Coordinates

Caitlin Dempsey

Learn more about lines you see on a map running east-west and north-south called latitude and longitude.

When Rivers Become Ice Roads

Caitlin Dempsey

During the cold winter months, parts of Canada's Mackenzie River become a ice road that trucks up to 22,000 pounds can navigate.

A view across forest covered mountains with a band of fog stretching just below the peak of the far mountain.

Will Cool Air Pooling Protect Some Forests from Climate Change?

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers looked at the link between cool air pooling and cold-adapted forest composition.

A group of people watching a presentation with a map on a screen.

5 Ways GIS Users Can Expand Their Geospatial Skills

Caitlin Dempsey

Listed here are five practical strategies that GIS users can adopt to further develop their geospatial capabilities.

Photo taken at an oblique angle from the International Space Station showing Sutter Buttes.

The World’s Smallest Mountain Range

Caitlin Dempsey

Located about 55 miles north of Sacramento in Northern California, this small volcanic formation is known as "the world's smallest mountain range."

Learning GIS Programming

Caitlin Dempsey

Having some competence in programming has become a critical requirement for many geospatial positions. So which languages should you learn for GIS programming?

A map showing in orange the range of steller's jay and in blue the range of blue jay over a gray shaded relief map of the United States.

This Bird is Not the Only Crested Jay West of the Rocky Mountains

Caitlin Dempsey

Since the 1960s, blue jays have gradually extended their range past the Rocky Mountains into the western United States and Canada.

This Tools Helps You Figure Out Which Satellite Bands to Use for Remote Sensing

Caitlin Dempsey

The USGS developed the Spectral Characteristics Viewer to let users view how different Earth observation satellite instruments can be used for their remote sensing needs.  

A diagram showing how data inputed into UniTS can then be used to create analysis.

Adapting Time Series Data for Earth Observation

Caitlin Dempsey

UniTS is a tool designed to simplify the process of using multiple time series datasets created over different time periods and for different geographic resolutions.

Is this a ridge or a canyon? Relief inversion plays tricks on the brain with this image of the Colorado River in Arizona. Photo: NASA

Relief Inversion

Caitlin Dempsey

Telling the difference between a canyon and a mountain on aerial or satellite imagery can sometimes be tricky due to an optical illusion known as relief inversion.

Maps showing age of forest stands (left) and estimate tree canopy heights (right).

Measuring Tree Height With a Two-Satellite Constellation

Caitlin Dempsey

Researchers used synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from colocated satellites to estimate tree canopy height.

Two maps - the top has a deep blue to deep red raster temperature layer for an area in South Africa and the bottom has deep blue to deep red dots to represent individual elephant locations with temperature sensors.

Using Animals to Collect Weather Data

Caitlin Dempsey

Attaching sensors to wildlife could give scientists fine-scale weather data from the habitats animals move through.

A view of a surge flow on a creek with sand dunes and mountains in the background.

Surge Flows: A Rare River Phenomenon

Caitlin Dempsey

Surge flows are a rare phenomenon where shallow waters, sand or sediment, and steep topography combine to create waves in rivers.